Rig Veda 1.4.10: Mandala 1, Sukta 4, Mantra 10
Sukta 1.4
Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; RV 1.4 likewise ascribed to him in most Anukramaṇī traditions)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो रायोऽवनिर्महान्त्सुपारः सुन्वतः सखा । तस्मा इन्द्राय गायत ॥
Transliteration
yó rāyó’vánir mahā́nt supā́raḥ sunvatáḥ sakhā́ | tásmā índrāya gāyata ||
Translation
Singt Indra — dem großen Helfer und Hüter der Reichtümer, dem sicheren Fährmann über die Furt, dem Freund dessen, der Soma presst.
Word by Word
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Kartā (सम्बन्धवाचकः—यः … सः) तथा ‘सखा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
रायःof wealth, of riches
रायः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive): ‘of wealth’—‘अवनिः’ इत्यस्य विशेषण-सम्बन्धः
TypeNoun
Rootराय्/रयि (प्रातिपदिक: ‘राय्’ = धनम्)
अवनिःhelper, protector, supporter
अवनिः:
Kartā/विशेष्यः: ‘(he is) the helper/protector’—‘यः … (सः)’
TypeNoun
Rootअवनि (प्रातिपदिक) < √अव् ‘रक्षणे/पालने’ (व्युत्पत्तिः)
महान्great
महान्:
विशेषणम् (अवनिः/सखा इत्यस्य): great
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
सुपारःgood guide across, good deliverer
सुपारः:
विशेषणम् (यः/सखा): ‘good-fording, good helper across’
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootसुपार (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + पार ‘पारगमन/तरण-सामर्थ्य’)
सुन्वतःof the Soma-presser (of the one who presses)
सुन्वतः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive): ‘of the presser (of Soma)’—‘सखा’ इत्यस्य सम्बन्धः
TypeParticiple (present active) used as noun
Root√सु (सवने/सोम-प्रसवे) → शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त: सुन्वत्
सखाfriend
सखा:
Kartā/विशेष्यः: (he is) the friend
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradāna: ‘to him’
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रायto Indra
इन्द्राय:
Sampradāna: ‘to Indra’ (apposition to तस्मै)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
गायतsing (you all), chant
गायत:
(मुख्य क्रिया) — विधेय: ‘sing!’
TypeVerb
Root√गै (गायने)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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