Rig Veda 1.101.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 101, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.101

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution for RV 1.94–1.115 includes Kutsa; RV 1.101 is commonly assigned to Kutsa Āṅgirasa in Anukramaṇī)

Devata: Indra (Marutvant Indra: Indra in companionship with the Maruts)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; standard for many Indra hymns)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र मन्दिने पितुमदर्चता वचो यः कृष्णगर्भा निरहन्नृजिश्वना । अवस्यवो वृषणं वज्रदक्षिणं मरुत्वन्तं सख्याय हवामहे ॥

Transliteration

prá mandíne pitumád arcatā váco yáḥ kṛṣṇá-garbhā nír áhann ṛjíśvanā | avasyávo vṛ́ṣaṇaṁ vájra-dakṣiṇaṁ marútvantaṁ sakhyā́ya havāmahe ||

Translation

Bringt dem Trunkenen der Wonne ein Wort dar, reich an nährender Essenz – ihm, der mit geradhingehender Kraft die Finsternis, schwanger an Verhüllung, niederschlug. Nach Beistand verlangend rufen wir zur Freundschaft Indra, den Stier der Macht, dessen rechte Hand der Vajra ist, begleitet von den Maruts.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• मन्दिने: to the gladdening one (Indra)
• मन्दिने: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मन्दिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पितुमत्: rich in nourishment/food; strengthening
• पितुमत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पितुमत् (प्रातिपदिक; पितु + मतुप्)

• अर्चत: sing/praise!
• अर्चत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्च्

• वचः: speech; hymn; utterance
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• कृष्णगर्भाः: the dark(-wombed)/black-bodied (foes/demons)
• कृष्णगर्भाः: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: कृष्णगर्भ (प्रातिपदिक; कर्मधारय/बहुव्रीहि)

• निः: out; forth; away
• निः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: निः (upasarga)

• अहन्: smote; slew
• अहन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्

• ऋजिश्वना: with Ṛjiśvan (a helper/ally); by Ṛjiśvan
• ऋजिश्वना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋजिश्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अवस्यवः: we who seek help/favor
• अवस्यवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अवस्यु (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषणम्: the bull; the mighty one
• वृषणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वज्रदक्षिणम्: whose right hand is the vajra; wielding the thunderbolt
• वज्रदक्षिणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वज्रदक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय)

• मरुत्वन्तम्: accompanied by the Maruts
• मरुत्वन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मरुत्वन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; मरुत् + वन्त्)

• सख्याय: for friendship; for alliance
• सख्याय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवामहे: we call/invoke
• हवामहे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ह्वे