Shloka 16

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम्

Kumbhakarna’s Departure for Battle

Devanagari script

कुम्भकर्णबलाभिज्ञोजानंस्तस्यपराक्रमम् ।बभूवमुदितोराजाशशाङ्कइवनिर्मलः ।।।।

Transliteration

kumbhakarṇabalābhijño jānaṃs tasya parākramam |

babhūva mudito rājā śaśāṅka iva nirmalaḥ ||

Translation

Da er um Kumbhakarṇas Stärke und Heldenmut wusste, wurde der König froh — klar und still wie der makellose Mond.

Word by Word

• कुम्भकर्णबलाभिज्ञः: knowing Kumbhakarna's strength
• कुम्भकर्णबलाभिज्ञः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Adjective of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुम्भकर्ण + बल + अभिज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (कुम्भकर्णस्य बलं जानाति); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• जानन्: knowing
• जानन्: कर्ता-विशेषण (Adjective of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तस्य: of him/his
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन

• पराक्रमम्: valor
• पराक्रमम्: कर्म (Object of knowing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• बभूव: became/was
• बभूव: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• मुदितः: delighted
• मुदितः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुद् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: PPP, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राजा: the king
• राजा: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शशाङ्कः: the moon
• शशाङ्कः: उपमान (Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शशाङ्क (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इव: like
• इव: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• निर्मलः: pure/clear
• निर्मलः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्मल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

The king who knew the valour and mighty strength of Kumbhakarna remained happy like the moon.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse illustrates emotional dependence on power; Dharma teaches that true clarity (nirmalatā) should arise from righteousness and truth, not from confidence in violent capability.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa, assured by his knowledge of Kumbhakarṇa’s prowess, feels calm and happy, likened to the pure moon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Composure and uplifted morale are emphasized (though serving an unrighteous campaign).