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Shloka 1

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम्

Kumbhakarna’s Departure for Battle

स तथोक्तस्तुनिर्भर्त्स्यकुम्भकर्णोमहोदरम् ।अब्रवीद्राक्षसश्रेष्ठंभ्रातरंरावणंततः ।।।।

sa tathoktas tu nirbhartsya kumbhakarṇo mahodaram | abravīd rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṃ bhrātaraṃ rāvaṇaṃ tataḥ ||

So angesprochen, wies Kumbhakarna Mahodara scharf zurecht; darauf wandte er sich an seinen Bruder Ravana, den Vornehmsten unter den Rakshasas.

saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
tathāthus
tathā:
Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formरीतिवाचक अव्यय (adverb: 'thus/in that way')
uktaḥhaving been spoken to
uktaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगः (passive sense): 'having been addressed/said to'
tubut/then
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrast/emphasis)
nirbhartsyahaving rebuked
nirbhartsya:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Root√bharts (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), परस्मैपदी; 'having rebuked/warned'
kumbhakarṇaḥKumbhakarna
kumbhakarṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारय (कुम्भ-इव कर्णौ यस्य)
mahodaramMahodara
mahodaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahodara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारय (महान् उदरः यस्य)
abravītsaid/spoke
abravīt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदी
rākṣasa-śreṣṭhamthe best of the Rakshasas
rākṣasa-śreṣṭham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक) + śreṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (राक्षसानां श्रेष्ठः)
bhrātarambrother
bhrātaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
rāvaṇamRavana
rāvaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formकाल/क्रमवाचक अव्यय (then/thereafter)

Kumbhakarna having heard Mahodara, warned him not to speak that way and spoke to Ravana, the foremost of Rakshasas.

K
Kumbhakarna
M
Mahodara
R
Ravana

FAQs

It highlights responsible speech in counsel: when policy is at stake, harmful or cowardly counsel is rebuked and the leader is addressed directly.

After reprimanding Mahodara, Kumbhakarna turns to speak to Ravana in the assembly, setting up a decisive exchange.

Frank counsel (hitavacana): willingness to correct others and speak plainly to authority.