Shloka 36

युद्धकाण्डे एकोनषष्टितमः सर्गः

Rāvaṇa’s Assault on Nīla and Lakṣmaṇa; Hanumān Bears Rāma

Devanagari script

तमापतन्तंसहसासमीक्ष्यदीप्तेषुचापंयुधिराक्षसेन्द्रम् ।महत्समुत्पाट्यमहीधराग्रंदुद्रावरक्षोधिपतिंहरीशः ।।6.59.36।।

Transliteration

tam āpatantaṃ sahasā samīkṣya dīpteṣu cāpaṃ yudhi rākṣasendram | mahat samutpāṭya mahīdharāgraṃ dudrāva rakṣodhipatiṃ harīśaḥ ||6.59.36||

Translation

Als der Herr der Vānaras den König der Rākṣasas sah, wie er plötzlich mit glühendem Bogen in die Schlacht stürmte, riss er einen gewaltigen Berggipfel aus und stürmte auf den Herrn der Rākṣasas zu.

Word by Word

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• āpatantam: rushing/advancing
• āpatantam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā-√pat (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• sahasā: suddenly
• sahasā: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sahasā (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय

• samīkṣya: having seen
• samīkṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• dīpteṣu: blazing, radiant
• dīpteṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dīpta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √dīp)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; cāpe इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (locative used with implied cāpe)

• cāpam: bow
• cāpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; tam (rākṣasendram) इत्यस्य विशेषणवत् (with bow)

• yudhi: in battle
• yudhi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yudh (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययीभाववत्; अर्थे: युद्धे (in battle)

• rākṣasa-indram: the Rakshasa lord
• rākṣasa-indram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तम् इत्यस्य अप्पोजिशन (apposition)

• mahat: great
• mahat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; mahīdharāgram इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• samutpāṭya: having uprooted
• samutpāṭya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ut-√pāṭ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• mahīdhara-agram: a mountain peak
• mahīdhara-agram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahīdhara (प्रातिपदिक) + agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः: महीधरस्य अग्रं (mountain-top)

• dudrāva: ran
• dudrāva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dru (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• rakṣaḥ-adhipatim: the Rakshasa king
• rakṣaḥ-adhipatim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• harīśaḥ: the lord of monkeys (Sugriva)
• harīśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: harīśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

Watching Ravana advancing suddenly on the battlefield with great speed, Sugriva took a huge mountain top and went towards Rakshasa king.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Sugrīva (harīśa)
• bow (cāpa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Ally-duty and righteous resistance: Sugrīva acts decisively to counter aggression, supporting Rāma’s dharmic cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa advances; Sugrīva responds with a dramatic counterattack, uprooting a mountain-peak as a weapon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s courage and readiness to confront overwhelming force for a righteous alliance.