Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 30

रावणस्य तर्जनं सीताया धर्मोक्तिः

Ravana’s Threats and Sita’s Dharma-Centered Reply

अवेक्षमाणो वैदेहीं कोपसंरक्तलोचनः।उवाच रावणः सीतां भुजङ्ग इव निःश्वसन्।।।।

avekṣamāṇo vaidehīṃ kopasaṃrakta-locanaḥ |

uvāca rāvaṇaḥ sītāṃ bhujaṅga iva niḥśvasan ||

Vaidehī anblickend, die Augen vor Zorn gerötet, sprach Rāvaṇa zu Sītā, schwer atmend wie eine Schlange.

avekṣamāṇaḥlooking at
avekṣamāṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; participial qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootava-√īkṣ (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (कृत्/शतृ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with rāvaṇaḥ
vaidehīmVaidehī (Sītā)
vaidehīm:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvaidehī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
kopa-saṃrakta-locanaḥwith eyes reddened by anger
kopa-saṃrakta-locanaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootkopasaṃraktalocana (प्रातिपदिक; kopa + saṃrakta + locana)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहि: whose eyes (locana) are reddened (saṃrakta) by anger (kopa)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
rāvaṇaḥRāvaṇa
rāvaṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
sītāmto Sītā
sītām:
Karma (कर्म/Object; addressee)
TypeNoun
Rootsītā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
bhujaṅgaḥa serpent
bhujaṅgaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान/Standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootbhujaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used as upamāna with iva
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), upamā-vācaka (उपमावाचक)
niḥśvasanbreathing heavily
niḥśvasan:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial participle)
TypeAdjective
Rootnis-√śvas (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
FormPresent active participle (कृत्/शतृ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); manner adjunct to uvāca

Looking at Vaidehi, eyes red with anger, and breathing heavily like a histing snake, Ravana replied:

R
Rāvaṇa
S
Sītā
V
Vaidehī

FAQs

Uncontrolled anger dehumanizes and becomes serpent-like—dangerous and poisonous. Dharma requires mastery over krodha, especially in speech and power relations.

Immediately before issuing threats and commands, Rāvaṇa is depicted in a rage-filled posture while addressing Sītā in captivity.

By contrast, Sītā’s steadfastness is implied; the verse foregrounds Rāvaṇa’s lack of restraint, highlighting the virtue of composure under pressure.