Shloka 12

विन्ध्यगुहाविचयः — Searching the Vindhya Caves and the Cursed Forest

Southern Search

Devanagari script

कण्डुर्नाम महाभागस्सत्यवादी तपोधनः।महर्षिः परमामर्षी नियमैर्दुष्प्रधर्षणः।।।।

Transliteration

kaṇḍur nāma mahābhāgaḥ satyavādī tapodhanaḥ | maharṣiḥ paramāmarṣī niyamair duṣpradharṣaṇaḥ || 4.48.12 ||

Translation

Dort lebte ein großer Weiser namens Kaṇḍu — wahrhaftig im Wort und reich an asketischer Kraft; ein Mahārṣi von heftiger Entschlossenheit, durch seine strengen Gelübde unbezwingbar.

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम-विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन, प्रथमा; विशेषणम् अहः

• ahaḥ: day
• ahaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ahar (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन, प्रथमा

• prathamam: first (as the first)
• prathamam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prathama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन, द्वितीया; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbially)

• kṛtvā: having made/done
• kṛtvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); पूर्वक्रिया

• māse: in the month
• māse: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन, सप्तमी (Locative)

• praśravaṇam: (mount) Praśravaṇa
• praśravaṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: praśravaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन, द्वितीया

• gatāḥ: went
• gatāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (धातु) / gata (प्रातिपदिक, क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘गत’; पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा; कर्तरि प्रयोग (used predicatively)

• kapirājena: with/by the monkey-king
• kapirājena: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi-rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (कपीनां राजा); पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन, तृतीया (Instrumental)

• saṅgamya: having met
• saṅgamya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam + sam (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) ‘सङ्गम्य’; पूर्वक्रिया

• nirāśāḥ: disappointed
• nirāśāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nirāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन, प्रथमा; विशेषणम् कपियूधपाः

• kapiyūdhapāḥ: leaders of monkey-troops
• kapiyūdhapāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kapi-yūdha-pa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (कपीनां यूधस्य पाः/नेतारः); पुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन, प्रथमा

Context

There was a sage called Kandu who was truthful, outrageous and short-tempered. He observed strict austerities and was rich in penance.

Characters & Entities

• Kaṇḍu (sage)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya is foregrounded as a defining ṛṣi-quality; the verse also cautions that spiritual power joined with anger can have vast consequences.

What is the narrative situation?

The text introduces the sage Kaṇḍu to explain the desolation of the forest the monkeys are traversing.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthfulness (satyavāda) and disciplined austerity (niyama/tapas) as sources of moral and spiritual authority.