Shloka 1

किष्किन्धायां सुग्रीवस्य नादः

Sugriva’s War-Cry at Kishkindha

Devanagari script

सर्वे ते त्वरितं गत्वा किष्किन्धां वालि पालिताम्।वृक्षैरात्मानमावृत्य व्यतिष्ठन् गहने वने4.14.1।।

Transliteration

sarve te tvaritaṃ gatvā kiṣkindhāṃ vāli-pālitām | vṛkṣair ātmānam āvṛtya vyatiṣṭhan gahane vane ||

Translation

Sie alle eilten nach Kiṣkindhā, das von Vāli beherrscht wurde; und im dichten Wald verhüllten sie sich hinter Bäumen, hielten inne und warteten.

Word by Word

• sarve: all
• sarve: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); pronoun

• tvaritam: quickly
• tvaritam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tvarita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Used adverbially (क्रियाविशेषणवत्), Accusative neuter singular form functioning as adverb: "quickly/at once"

• gatvā: having gone
• gatvā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त): "having gone"

• kiṣkindhām: to Kishkindha
• kiṣkindhām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kiṣkindhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vāli-pālitām: ruled by Vali
• vāli-pālitām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vālin (प्रातिपदिक) + pālita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); Tatpuruṣa: "protected/ruled by Vāli" qualifying kiṣkindhām

• vṛkṣaiḥ: with/behind trees
• vṛkṣaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vṛkṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ātmānam: themselves
• ātmānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); reflexive sense "themselves"

• āvṛtya: having concealed
• āvṛtya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √vṛt (वृत् धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त): "having covered/hidden"; upasarga: ā-

• vyatiṣṭhan: stood/waited
• vyatiṣṭhan: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + √sthā (स्था धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद): "stood/waited"

• gahane: dense
• gahane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gahana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); used adjectivally with vane

• vane: in the forest
• vane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

They all at once went to Kishkinda ruled by Vali and there waited hiding behind the trees in the dense forest.

Characters & Entities

• Kiṣkindhā
• Vāli

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes prudence and right means: acting with care and strategy to prevent unnecessary harm while moving toward a just objective.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma’s party reaches the vicinity of Kiṣkindhā and takes cover, preparing for the confrontation with Vāli.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Disciplined restraint and tactical patience—waiting for the proper moment rather than acting rashly.