Shloka 23

पम्पा

तीर-वर्णनम् / Rama’s Lament at Pampa and the Approach to Rishyamuka

Devanagari script

मां हि शोकसमाक्रान्तं सन्तापयति मन्मथः।हृष्टः प्रवदमानश्च ममाह्वयति कोकिलः।।।।

Transliteration

māṃ hi śōkasamākrāntaṃ santāpayati manmathaḥ | hṛṣṭaḥ pravadamānaś ca mamāhvayati kōkilaḥ ||

Translation

Obwohl ich vom Kummer überwältigt bin, verbrennt mich Manmatha; und der Kuckuck, froh und wie spöttisch, ruft unablässig nach mir.

Word by Word

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः (emphasis/indeed)

• शोक-समाक्रान्तम्: overcome by sorrow
• शोक-समाक्रान्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोक (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्+आ+क्रान्त (क्त-कृदन्त, क्रम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः: शोकेन समाक्रान्तम्; विशेषणम् (qualifies माम्)

• सन्तापयति: torments
• सन्तापयति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्+तप् (धातु, णिच् causative)
• Form: लट्-लकारः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्; णिजन्त (causative)

• मन्मथः: Manmatha (Cupid)
• मन्मथः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्मथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• हृष्टः: joyous
• हृष्टः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; क्त from हृष्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifies कोकिलः)

• प्रवदमानः: speaking/calling out
• प्रवदमानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र+वद् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्तः, शानच्-प्रत्ययः (present middle participle); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; आत्मनेपदी; विशेषणम् (qualifies कोकिलः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• मम: me / my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• आह्वयति: calls/invites
• आह्वयति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ+ह्वे (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• कोकिलः: cuckoo
• कोकिलः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोकिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

Context

'Kandarpa (Cupid) torments me while I am already grief-stricken. The Cuckoo with his challenging cheerfulness mocks me.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Manmatha (Cupid/Kandarpa)
• kōkila (cuckoo)
• śōka (sorrow)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma involves disciplined endurance: Rama recognizes the double pressure of grief and desire, yet this truthful recognition (satya) is the first step to mastering impulse rather than being ruled by it.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama confides to Lakshmana that spring’s love-stirring forces (symbolized by Manmatha and the cuckoo’s call) intensify his suffering in separation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-control in the making: Rama names the tormenting forces clearly, showing awareness that supports restraint and continued righteous action.