Shloka 10

अयोध्याकाण्डे अष्टत्रिंशः सर्गः

Sita in Bark Garments; Public Outcry and Dasaratha’s Lament

Devanagari script

ननु पर्याप्त मेतत्ते पापे रामविवासनम्।किमेभिः कृपणैर्भूय: पातकैरपि ते कृतैः।।।।

Transliteration

nanu paryāptam etat te pāpe rāmavivāsanam | kim ebhiḥ kṛpaṇair bhūyaḥ pātakair api te kṛtaiḥ || 2.38.10 ||

Translation

„Du ruchlose Frau, genügt dir Rāmas Verbannung denn nicht? Warum begehst du noch diese elenden, sündhaften Taten?“

Word by Word

• ननु: surely/indeed
• ननु: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ननु (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• पर्याप्तम्: enough
• पर्याप्तम्: विशेषण (predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर्याप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate adjective

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: कर्ता/विषय (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• ते: for you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; Dative singular

• पापे: O sinful woman
• पापे: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• रामविवासनम्: Rama's exile
• रामविवासनम्: कर्ता/विषय (subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक) + विवासन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'रामस्य विवासनम्' (exile of Rama)

• किम्: why
• किम्: हेतु-प्रश्न (cause-question)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (why/what for) used adverbially

• एभिः: by these
• एभिः: करण (Karaṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, तृतीया, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• कृपणैः: wretched
• कृपणैः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृपण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; adjective to 'pātakaiḥ'

• भूयः: still/further
• भूयः: क्रिया-विशेषण (adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूयस् (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरर्थक-अव्यय (again/still/further)

• पातकैः: by sins
• पातकैः: करण (Karaṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पातक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपेक्षार्थक-अव्यय (also/even)

• ते: for you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; Dative singular

• कृतैः: committed/done
• कृतैः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; PPP used adjectivally: 'committed' qualifying 'pātakaiḥ'

Context

Rama's exile, O wicked woman, is enough for you. What are you committing further heinous crimes for?

Characters & Entities

• Kaikeyī
• Rāma
• exile (vivāsana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as moral restraint: wrongdoing should not compound; the verse condemns cruelty that continues even after achieving its aim.

What is the narrative situation?

The public, seeing the consequences of exile, directly rebukes Kaikeyī for escalating harm.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral protest: the citizens’ courage to denounce perceived injustice.