Shloka 77

Expansion of Creation through Dakṣa and Kaśyapa: Devas, Dānavas, Nāgas, Birds, and Cosmic Offices

Devanagari script

तथा किन्नरगंधर्वानरिष्टा जनयद्बहून् । तृणवृक्षलता गुल्ममिरा सर्वमजीजनतत्

Transliteration

tathā kinnaragaṃdharvānariṣṭā janayadbahūn | tṛṇavṛkṣalatā gulmamirā sarvamajījanatat

Translation

Ebenso gebar Ariṣṭā viele Kinnaras und Gandharvas; und Irā ließ alles entstehen: Gräser, Bäume, Ranken und Sträucher.

Word by Word

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थ (adverb: likewise)

• किन्नरगन्धर्वान्: Kinnaras and Gandharvas
• किन्नरगन्धर्वान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किन्नर + गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: ‘किन्नरान् च गन्धर्वान् च’

• अरिष्टा: Ariṣṭā (name)
• अरिष्टा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरिष्टा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• जनयत्: produced/bore
• जनयत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु) (णिच् causative: जनयति)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)

• बहून्: many
• बहून्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural); कर्म-विशेषण

• तृणवृक्षलताः: grasses, trees, and creepers
• तृणवृक्षलताः: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृण + वृक्ष + लता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: ‘तृणानि च वृक्षाः च लताः च’ (collective)

• गुल्मम्: shrubs/bushes
• गुल्मम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुल्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• इरा: Irā (name)
• इरा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इरा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• अजीजनत्: generated/created
• अजीजनत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु) (णिच् causative: जनयति)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा (Acc./Nom.), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम

Speaker

Narrator (Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa creation account; specific speaker not explicit in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: forest

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: किन्नरगंधर्वानरिष्टा = किन्नरगन्धर्वान् + अरिष्टा; जनयद्बहून् = जनयत् + बहून्; (द्वितीयपादे) तृणवृक्षलता (पाठानुसार) = तृणवृक्षलताः; सर्वमजीजनतत् = सर्वम् + अजीजनत् + तत्.

Characters & Entities

• Ariṣṭā
• Kinnara
• Gandharva
• Irā

FAQs

Who are the Kinnaras and Gandharvas mentioned in this verse?

They are celestial classes of beings in Purāṇic cosmology: Gandharvas are famed as heavenly musicians, while Kinnaras are also semi-divine musical beings, often described with wondrous or hybrid features.

What is the role of Irā in this creation passage?

Irā is presented as a progenitress responsible for generating plant life—grasses, trees, creepers, and shrubs—showing how vegetation is traced to specific creative lineages in the Sṛṣṭi-khaṇḍa.

What theological idea is emphasized by listing creators for different categories of life?

The verse reflects a Purāṇic cosmogony where creation unfolds through delegated progenitors, organizing the world into ordered categories (celestial beings and flora) rather than presenting creation as a single undifferentiated act.