Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 83

Nirukta, Phonetic Variants, and Vedic Dhātu–Svara Taxonomy

Devanagari script

अनुदात्ता हलंतेषु धातवो द्व्यधिकं शतम् । चाद्या निपाता गवयः प्राद्या दिग्देशकालजाः ॥ ८३ ॥

Transliteration

anudāttā halaṃteṣu dhātavo dvyadhikaṃ śatam | cādyā nipātā gavayaḥ prādyā digdeśakālajāḥ || 83 ||

Translation

Bei Wurzeln, die auf einen Konsonanten enden, ist der Akzent anudātta (tief). Die Verbalwurzeln sind etwas mehr als zweihundert. Die Unflektierbaren beginnen mit ca-, und die sogenannte „gavaya“-Gruppe beginnt mit pra-—hervorgegangen aus (dem Ausdruck von) Richtung, Ort und Zeit.

Word by Word

• अनुदात्ताः: with anudātta accent
• अनुदात्ताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुदात्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nom. Pl.); विशेषण

• हल्-अन्तेषु: among (those) ending in consonants
• हल्-अन्तेषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हल् (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी बहुवचन (Loc. Pl.); नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-समासान्त; ‘हल्-अन्त’ = consonant-ending; विशेषण

• धातवः: verbal roots
• धातवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nom. Pl.)

• द्वि-अधिकम्: two more (in excess by two)
• द्वि-अधिकम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (प्रातिपदिक) + अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Nom./Acc. Sg.); संख्याविशेषण

• शतम्: a hundred
• शतम्: Pradhāna (प्रधान/प्रमेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Nom./Acc. Sg.); संख्या

• च-आद्याः: beginning with ‘ca’
• च-आद्याः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: च (अव्यय) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: आद्य (Adj.) पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘च’ समुच्चयार्थक निपात

• निपाताः: particles/indeclinables
• निपाताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निपात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nom. Pl.)

• गवयः: ‘gavaya’ group (technical term)
• गवयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गवय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nom. Pl.); here used as a technical label/group-name

• प्र-आद्याः: beginning with ‘pra-’
• प्र-आद्याः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: आद्य (Adj.) पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘प्र’ इत्यादि-उपसर्ग-समूह-सूचन

• दिक्-देश-काल-जाः: arising from direction, place, and time (terms)
• दिक्-देश-काल-जाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिक् (प्रातिपदिक) + देश (प्रातिपदिक) + काल (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन (Nom. Pl.); ‘दिक्/देश/काल’ सम्बन्धेन ‘ज’ = arising from; विशेषण

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching to Narada in a Vedanga/grammar-style enumeration within Moksha Dharma discourse)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It shows that Moksha Dharma teaching in the Narada Purana also preserves Vedāṅga-based precision—mastery of speech (śabda) and its rules is treated as supportive discipline for clarity in śāstra-study and right understanding.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: by emphasizing correct linguistic and phonetic categories (accent, particles, roots), it supports accurate recitation and comprehension of mantras and scriptures, which strengthens disciplined practice and steadiness in devotion.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa and Śikṣā: a technical note on accent (anudātta) for consonant-ending roots, a traditional count of dhātus, and classification of nipātas/particles (e.g., ca-ādi, pra-ādi) linked to meanings like direction, place, and time.