Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 63

Nirukta, Phonetic Variants, and Vedic Dhātu–Svara Taxonomy

Devanagari script

सप्त पंचाशदधिकास्तुदादौ धातवः शतम् । स्वरितेतो रुधोनंदा परस्मैभाषितः कृती ॥ ६३ ॥

Transliteration

sapta paṃcāśadadhikāstudādau dhātavaḥ śatam | svariteto rudhonaṃdā parasmaibhāṣitaḥ kṛtī || 63 ||

Translation

In der Tudādi-Gruppe gibt es hundert siebenundfünfzig Verbalwurzeln. Die mit „svar“ beginnenden sowie solche wie „rudh“ und „nand“ werden als im parasmaipada (Aktiv) konjugiert beschrieben und nehmen kṛt‑Ableitungen (primäre) an.

Word by Word

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सप्त (प्रातिपदिक; संख्या)
• Form: Numeral; used as count

• पञ्चाशत्: fifty
• पञ्चाशत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चाशत् (प्रातिपदिक; संख्या)
• Form: Numeral; used as count

• अधिकाः: in excess
• अधिकाः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; 'more/exceeding'

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात); contrast/emphasis

• आदौ: at the beginning
• आदौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; 'at the beginning'

• तुदा: in the Tudādi class
• तुदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुद् (धातु) + अ (प्रत्यय; वर्गनाम)
• Form: Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular in sense with implied 'gaṇa/gaṇaḥ'; 'in the Tudādi (class)'

• धातवः: roots
• धातवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• शतम्: a hundred
• शतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत (प्रातिपदिक; संख्या)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular; used as total count

• स्वरितेतः: from the svarita-it group
• स्वरितेतः: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वरित-इत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; 'from the svarita-it (group)'

• रुधोनन्दाः: (the) Rudh and Nand (groups)
• रुधोनन्दाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुध् + नन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; dvandva naming two gaṇas/classes: 'Rudh and Nand'

• परस्मै: for parasmaipada
• परस्मै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परस्मै (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक-रूप)
• Form: Dative-like fixed form used in compounds; here as first member of compound

• भाषितः: is stated
• भाषितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भाष् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; 'is stated/said'

• कृती: (the group) kṛtī
• कृती: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृती (प्रातिपदिक; वर्गनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; class-name 'kṛtī'

Speaker

Narada (teaching in a technical/śāstric enumeration, within the Narada–Sanatkumara dialogue frame)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It presents śāstric precision as part of dharma: mastery of Vyākaraṇa (a Vedāṅga) supports correct mantra-recitation, clear understanding of scripture, and disciplined study—seen as aids to the mokṣa-oriented life.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: by emphasizing correct linguistic foundations (dhātus, pāda), it safeguards accurate transmission and chanting of devotional hymns and names of the Lord, which are central to bhakti practice.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa: it notes the count of roots in the Tudādi gaṇa and indicates parasmaipada (active) usage and kṛt-derivation (kṛdanta formation) for specified roots—core tools for correct conjugation and word-formation.