Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 22

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

मास्मयोगे च लङ् वाच्यो लोडाशिषि च धातुतः । विध्यादौ स्यादाशिषि च लिङितो द्विविधो मुने ॥ २२ ॥

Transliteration

māsmayoge ca laṅ vācyo loḍāśiṣi ca dhātutaḥ | vidhyādau syādāśiṣi ca liṅito dvividho mune || 22 ||

Translation

O Weiser, in Fügungen mit „mā sma“ („nicht…“) ist laṅ (Aorist) zu verwenden; und für Segenswünsche (āśiṣ) wird loṭ (Imperativ) vom Verbalstamm her gebraucht. Ebenso wird liṅ (Optativ) bei Vorschriften und auch im benediktiven Sinn eingesetzt — daher ist liṅ zweifach.

Word by Word

• मा: do not
• मा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (prohibitive particle)

• अस्म-योगे: in the asmad-construction
• अस्म-योगे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम) + योग (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘अस्मदः योगः’), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the construction with asmad’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• लङ्: laṅ (imperfect)
• लङ्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लङ् (लकार-नाम)
• Form: लकार-शब्द (technical), प्रथमा, एकवचन (अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः)

• वाच्यः: is to be used
• वाच्यः: Vidhi (विधि/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वच् (धातु) + यत् (कृत्) → वाच्य (कृदन्त)
• Form: यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (लङ्) इति विधेयः; ‘to be used/expressed’

• लोट्: loṭ (imperative)
• लोट्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोट् (लकार-नाम)
• Form: लकार-शब्द (technical), प्रथमा, एकवचन

• आशिषि: in a benedictive sense
• आशिषि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आशिष् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in benediction/blessing’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• धातुतः: from the root/according to the dhātu
• धातुतः: Hetu (हेतु/Cause-Basis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक) + तस् (तद्धित) → धातुतस्
• Form: तद्धितान्त-अव्यय (ablatival adverb), ‘from/according to the root’

• विधि-आदौ: in injunction etc.
• विधि-आदौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘विधिः आदिः यस्मिन्’/‘विध्यादि’ as category), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक (category-term), सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in injunction etc.’

• स्यात्: would be/should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• आशिषि: in benediction
• आशिषि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आशिष् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• लिङ्-इतः: the liṅ (optative/benedictive marker)
• लिङ्-इतः: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ् (लकार-नाम) + इत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-प्रयोगः ‘indicated by’) (समास/निर्देश)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (निर्देश: ‘लिङ्-इतः’ = ‘by liṅ’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (विध्यादौ/आशिषि) इत्यत्र लिङ्-लकारस्य निर्देशः

• द्विविधः: twofold
• द्विविधः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (संख्या) + विध (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
• Form: द्विगु-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (लिङ्-इतः) इति विशेषणम्; ‘of two kinds’

• मुने: O sage
• मुने: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th), एकवचन

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It shows that right understanding of Dharma depends on correctly reading Vedic and śāstric injunctions; grammar (Vyākaraṇa) safeguards the intended meaning of prohibitions, commands, and blessings.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: Bhakti practice relies on scriptural instructions (vidhi) and prohibitions (niṣedha). This verse clarifies the linguistic forms by which such guidance is expressed, helping devotees follow Narada Purana rituals and vows accurately.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (Sanskrit grammar): the proper use of laṅ with “mā sma” (prohibitive), loṭ for imperatives/benedictions, and liṅ as a twofold optative—used for injunctions and for blessings.