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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 46

Janaka’s Quest for Liberation; Pañcaśikha’s Sāṅkhya on Renunciation, Elements, Guṇas, and the Deathless State

अर्थास्तथा हंति सुखावहांश्च लिहत एते बहवोपशुष्काः । महत्तरं दुःखमभिप्रपन्ना हित्वामिषं मृत्युवशं प्रयांति ॥ ४६ ॥

arthāstathā haṃti sukhāvahāṃśca lihata ete bahavopaśuṣkāḥ | mahattaraṃ duḥkhamabhiprapannā hitvāmiṣaṃ mṛtyuvaśaṃ prayāṃti || 46 ||

So vernichten weltliche Dinge selbst das, was Glück zu bringen scheint. Viele lecken immer wieder daran, bis sie völlig ausgetrocknet und erschöpft sind; in noch größeres Leid geraten, lassen sie den Köder fallen und gehen unter die Herrschaft des Todes.

अर्थाःwealth/objects of desire
अर्थाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकार/उपमानार्थ (adverb: 'in that way/likewise')
हन्तिkills/harms
हन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; 'kills/strikes'
सुखावहान्bringing happiness
सुखावहान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुख + आवह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (सुखम् आवहति इति); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Accusative plural (qualifying implied 'arthān')
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)
लिहतlick (you all)
लिहत:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootलिह् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (आज्ञार्थ), मध्यम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; 'lick (you all)!' (imperative)
एतेthese
एते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Pronoun, nominative plural
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural (qualifying 'ete')
उपशुष्काःwithered/dried up
उपशुष्काः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउप + शुष्क (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Nominative plural; 'somewhat dried up/withering'
महत्तरम्greater
महत्तरम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्तर (प्रातिपदिक; तद्धित-तार)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Comparative; Accusative singular (qualifying 'duḥkham')
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
अभिप्रपन्नाःhaving fallen into
अभिप्रपन्नाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि + प्र + पद् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; 'having fallen into/entered'
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund); 'having abandoned'
अमिषम्bait/tempting morsel
अमिषम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअमिष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
मृत्युवशम्into the power of death
मृत्युवशम्:
Gati/Karma (गति/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु + वश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (मृत्योः वशः/वशम्); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
प्रयान्तिthey go
प्रयान्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + या (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; 'go/attain'

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

M
Mrityu (Death)

FAQs

It warns that pleasures and possessions, though seeming to give happiness, ultimately exhaust the seeker and lead to deeper suffering; liberation requires seeing them as a deceptive “bait” and turning away from attachment.

By exposing the futility of craving, the verse implicitly directs the mind to a higher refuge—steady devotion to the Lord—so that desire for transient objects is replaced by devotion that leads beyond the reach of Death.

No specific Vedanga (like Vyakarana, Jyotisha, or Kalpa) is taught here; the practical takeaway is ethical-spiritual discipline—sense-restraint (dama) and dispassion (vairagya)—which supports all Vedic practice and sadhana.