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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 72

The Explanation of the Twelve-Month Caturthī Vrata

माघकृष्णचतुर्थ्यां तु संकष्टव्रतमुच्यते । तत्रोपवासं संकल्प्य व्रती नियमपूर्वकम् ॥ ७२ ॥

māghakṛṣṇacaturthyāṃ tu saṃkaṣṭavratamucyate | tatropavāsaṃ saṃkalpya vratī niyamapūrvakam || 72 ||

Am Caturthī-Tag der dunklen Monatshälfte im Monat Māgha ist das Gelübde namens Saṅkaṣṭa-vrata vorgeschrieben. An jenem Tag soll der Gelübdehalter feierlich den Entschluss zum Fasten fassen und das Vrata mit gebührender Disziplin und Enthaltsamkeit wahren.

māgha-kṛṣṇa-caturthyāmon the fourth (tithi) of the dark fortnight of Māgha
māgha-kṛṣṇa-caturthyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmāgha (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + caturthī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; कालवाचक-अधिकरण
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
saṃkaṣṭa-vratamthe Saṅkaṣṭa vow
saṃkaṣṭa-vratam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃkaṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + vrata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
ucyateis called
ucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)
tatrathere; in that (observance)
tatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formदेश/प्रसङ्गवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)
upavāsamfasting
upavāsam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootupavāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन
saṃkalpyahaving resolved
saṃkalpya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-kḷp (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘संकल्प्य’ = संकल्पं कृत्वा
vratīthe vow-observer
vratī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvratin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
niyama-pūrvakamwith prescribed restraints; duly
niyama-pūrvakam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootniyama (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrvaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण (adverbial)

Narada (teaching in a vrata/ritual instruction context; commonly framed within the Narada–Sanatkumara dialogue flow)

Vrata: Saṅkaṣṭa-vrata (Saṅkaṣṭa Caturthī)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

FAQs

It defines the proper timing and method for Saṅkaṣṭa-vrata—observing Māgha kṛṣṇa caturthī with saṅkalpa (solemn intention), fasting, and disciplined conduct—showing that inner resolve and regulated practice are central to dharmic rites.

By emphasizing saṅkalpa and niyama during upavāsa, the verse frames devotion as steady, intentional practice—offering one’s discipline and restraint as an act of worship and trust in divine protection during distress (saṅkaṣṭa).

Kalpa (ritual procedure) and Jyotiṣa (tithi-based timing) are implied: the rite is fixed to a specific lunar day (kṛṣṇa caturthī) in Māgha, and it prescribes the practical steps of saṅkalpa and regulated fasting.