Shloka 17

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

यमुना च शतद्रुश्च वितस्तेरावती कुहुः ।

गोमती धूतपापा च बाहुदा सदृशद्वती ॥

Transliteration

yamunā ca śatadruś ca vitaste rāvatī kuhuḥ / gomatī dhūtapāpā ca bāhudā sadṛśadvatī

Translation

Ferner (die Flüsse) Yamunā, Śatadru, Vitastā, Rāvatī, Kuhū, Gomatī, Dhūtapāpā, Bāhudā und Sadṛśadvatī.

Word by Word

• यमुना: Yamuna
• यमुना: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यमुना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)

• शतद्रुः: Shatadru (Sutlej)
• शतद्रुः: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शतद्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (river-name; often treated feminine), प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय-बोधक

• वितस्ता: Vitasta (Jhelum)
• वितस्ता: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वितस्ता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इरावती: Iravati
• इरावती: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इरावती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कुहुः: Kuhu
• कुहुः: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुहू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (river-name), प्रथमा, एकवचन; विसर्गान्त-रूप

• गोमती: Gomati
• गोमती: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोमती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• धूतपापा: Dhutapapa (she whose sins are washed away)
• धूतपापा: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धूत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; धू धातोः क्त) + पापा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (Possessive: 'धूताः पापाः यस्याः सा'), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (river-name)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय-बोधक

• बाहुदा: Bahuda
• बाहुदा: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहुदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सदृशद्वती: Sadṛśadvatī
• सदृशद्वती: कर्ता (List item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदृश (प्रातिपदिक) + द्वती/वती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (Descriptive; river-name), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (continuation of a didactic narration listing rivers)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Geography
• Tirtha
• Sacred Rivers

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Naming rivers with epithets like Dhūtapāpā encodes the ethical idea that nature—when revered and approached with restraint—supports purification and right living.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is ancillary Purāṇic descriptive content (tīrtha/geography), often used to contextualize dharma and pilgrimage rather than narrate creation or dynasties directly.

What is the esoteric significance?

Multiple rivers represent multiple ‘nāḍīs’ of spiritual life: diverse paths still converge on purification when aligned with dharma.