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Shloka 13

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

वेद्यर्धे दक्षिणे त्रीणि त्रीणि वर्षाणि चोत्तरे ।

इलावृतं तयोर्मध्ये चन्द्रार्धाकारवत् स्थितम् ॥

Transliteration

vedyardhe dakṣime trīṇi trīṇi varṣāṇi cottare | ilāvṛtaṃ tayor madhye candrārdhākāravat sthitam ||

Translation

In der südlichen Hälfte des kosmischen Opferfeldes befinden sich drei Regionen, und in der nördlichen Hälfte drei Regionen. Dazwischen liegt Ilāvṛta, angeordnet wie die Gestalt eines Halbmondes.

Word by Word
vedi-ardhein the southern half (of the vedi-like division)
vedi-ardhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootvedi (प्रातिपदिक) + ardha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (‘वेध्याः/वेदेः अर्धे’ = in the half of the altar/vedi)
dakṣiṇein the south
dakṣiṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeAdjective
Rootdakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (agreeing with vedi-ardhe)
trīṇithree
trīṇi:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; संख्याविशेषणम्
trīṇithree
trīṇi:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्; संख्याविशेषणम्
varṣāṇiregions (varṣas)
varṣāṇi:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम्; समुच्चयार्थक-निपातः
uttarein the north
uttare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeAdjective
Rootuttara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (locative: ‘in the north’)
ilā-vṛtamIlāvṛta (the central region)
ilā-vṛtam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootilā (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (इलया आवृतम् = ‘Ilā-covered’, proper name Ilāvṛta)
tayoḥof those two (sides)
tayoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे, षष्ठी विभक्तिः (Genitive/6th), द्विवचनम्; सर्वनाम
madhyein the middle
madhye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmadhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययप्रयोगः; ‘मध्ये’ = in the middle (locative adverbial)
candra-ardha-ākāra-vatlike a half-moon in shape
candra-ardha-ākāra-vat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Adverbial qualifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootcandra (प्रातिपदिक) + ardha (प्रातिपदिक) + ākāra (प्रातिपदिक) + -vat (वतुप्-प्रत्यय)
Formअव्ययम्; वत्-प्रत्ययान्त-उपमानवाचक (similative adverb) ‘like the shape of a half-moon’
sthitamsituated
sthitam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeVerb
Rootsthā (धातु)
Formकृदन्तः—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; ‘स्थित’ = situated
Speakers
Unnamed Purāṇic narrator describing cosmic geography (frame-speakers not explicit in this excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
CosmologySacred GeographyIlavritaRitual-Cosmology Correspondence

FAQs

By mapping the world onto a ‘vedi’ (altar), the verse links cosmos and ritual: human worship is presented as participation in cosmic order.

Primarily 'Sthāna' (world-structure), with a ritual-cosmology overlay typical of Purāṇic exposition.

Ilāvṛta as the ‘middle’ suggests a hidden central realm—often interpreted as an inner sanctum of consciousness, not merely a physical geography.

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