Shloka 65

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

परिखां वा समाक्रामेद् अबला गर्भधारिणी ।

अङ्गध्रुक् तनयं लेभे पिशुनं नाम नामतः ॥

Transliteration

parikhāṃ vā samākrāmed abalā garbha-dhāriṇī | aṅgadhruk tanayaṃ lebhe piśunaṃ nāma nāmataḥ ||

Translation

Oder eine schwache schwangere Frau könnte einen Graben überschreiten. Dann erlangte Aṅgadhṛk einen Sohn—mit Namen Piśuna.

Word by Word

• परिखाम्: a moat/trench
• परिखाम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिखा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्प (disjunctive particle)

• समाक्रामेत्: might step over/cross
• समाक्रामेत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ√क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• अबला: the weak woman
• अबला: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अबला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• गर्भधारिणी: pregnant (fetus-bearing)
• गर्भधारिणी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक) + धारिणी (कृदन्त; √धृ धातु)
• Form: समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (garbhasya dhāriṇī = bearer of a fetus); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• अङ्गध्रुक्: Aṅgadhṛk (name)
• अङ्गध्रुक्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + ध्रुक् (कृदन्त; √धृ धातु, ‘धारक’)
• Form: समासः तत्पुरुष (aṅga-dhruk = limb-holder/bearer); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• तनयम्: a son
• तनयम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• लेभे: obtained/got
• लेभे: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √लभ् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• पिशुनम्: Piśuna (name)
• पिशुनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object; name)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिशुन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; नामधेय

• नाम: by name
• नाम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय/निपात)
• Form: अव्यय; नाम-निर्देश (quotative/‘by name’)

• नामतः: in name/nominally
• नामतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नामतः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (adverb: ‘as to name/nominally’)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the dharma/omen discourse

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Inauspicious actions during pregnancy
• Naming as moral characterization
• Householder caution

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse reflects a traditional ethic of protecting pregnancy through careful conduct; risky crossings (like moats) become narrative triggers for misfortune. The name Piśuna also moralizes character—malice and slander are treated as socially destructive ‘births’.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative attached to Vaṃśānucarita (begetting a named son) used to teach dharma for householders.

What is the esoteric significance?

Crossing a ‘moat’ symbolizes transgressing boundaries; when protective limits are breached, harmful tendencies (piśunatā—malicious speech) arise.