Shloka 13

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

उष्ट्वा मदालसागर्भे पीत्वा सत्सास्तथा स्तनम् ।

नान्यनारीसुतैर्यातं वर्त्म यात्विति पार्थिव ॥

Transliteration

uṣṭvā madālasā-garbhe pītvā satsās tathā stanam / nānya-nārī-sutair yātaṃ vartma yātv iti pārthiva

Translation

O König—aus Madālasās Schoß geboren und an ihrer Brust genährt (und durch die Unterweisung der Guten)—schreite auf einem Pfad, den die Söhne anderer Frauen nicht betreten haben.

Word by Word

• उषित्वा: having stayed
• उषित्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Absolutive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव; gerund) — ‘having dwelt/stayed’

• मदालसा-गर्भे: in Madālasā’s womb
• मदालसा-गर्भे: अधिकरण (Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मदालसा (प्रातिपदिक) + गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (madālasāyāḥ garbhaḥ)

• पीत्वा: having drunk
• पीत्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Absolutive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव; gerund) — ‘having drunk’

• सत्साः: good/true (milk)
• सत्साः: विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन; here used adverbially ‘with good/true (milk)’ or as qualifier; (reading uncertain)

• तथा: thus; likewise
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण — ‘thus/so/likewise’

• स्तनम्: breast
• स्तनम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• अन्य-नारी-सुतैः: by sons of other women
• अन्य-नारी-सुतैः: करण/सह (Instrumental/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) + नारी (प्रातिपदिक) + सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-श्रृङ्खला — ‘sons of other women’

• यातम्: gone; traversed
• यातम्: विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) — ‘gone/traversed’

• वर्त्म: path
• वर्त्म: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यातु: let (him) go
• यातु: क्रिया (Imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थ), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरणसूचक

• पार्थिव: O king
• पार्थिव: सम्बोधन (Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Speakers

• Subāhu speaking to Kāśirāja (addressed as pārthiva)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Madālasā tradition
• Exceptional spiritual upbringing
• Renunciant path
• Śravaṇa and saṃskāra

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Noble upbringing and right instruction create eligibility for a rarer path—suggesting that one should live up to the spiritual capital received, not squander it in common distractions.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative; while it may sit inside a royal/family story (vaṃśānucarita-like setting), the verse functions as upadeśa (instruction) rather than genealogy itself.

What is the esoteric significance?

Madālasā symbolizes the awakened mother/guru whose ‘milk’ is liberating knowledge; the ‘untraveled path’ points to nivṛtti-mārga (the path of withdrawal) beyond social conditioning.