Shloka 41

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

यथा जलं जलेनैक्यं निक्षिप्तमुपगच्छति ।

तथात्मा साम्यमभ्येति योगिनः परमात्मनि ॥

Transliteration

yathā jalaṃ jalenaikyaṃ nikṣiptam upagacchati / tathātmā sāmyam abhyeti yoginaḥ paramātmani

Translation

Wie Wasser, wenn es in Wasser gegossen wird, Einheit erlangt, so erlangt das Selbst des Yogin Gleichheit mit dem höchsten Selbst (Paramātman).

Word by Word

• yathā: just as
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमानार्थे

• jalam: water
• jalam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• jalena: with/by water
• jalena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• aikyam: oneness
• aikyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aikya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• nikṣiptam: cast/placed (in)
• nikṣiptam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni+√kṣip (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘jalam’ (“thrown/placed”)

• upagacchati: approaches, attains
• upagacchati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa+√gam (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present indicative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• tathā: so, likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तदनुरूपे (so, in the same way)

• ātmā: the self
• ātmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• sāmyam: identity, sameness
• sāmyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sāmya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• abhyeti: attains, reaches
• abhyeti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi+√i (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present indicative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• yoginaḥ: of the yogin
• yoginaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yogin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• paramātmani: in the Supreme Self
• paramātmani: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama-ātman (प्रातिपदिक: परम + आत्मन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (‘supreme self’)

Speakers

• Teacher addressing a king; concluding analogy

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Paramātman
• Ātman
• Non-duality
• Yoga
• Moksha

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The final aim of yoga is identity/sameness with the Supreme Self, not merely altered states. Ethically, it implies equanimity: when one sees sameness with the Whole, partiality and hostility subside.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Philosophical mokṣa-teaching; not a pancalakṣaṇa unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

Water merging into water conveys non-dual continuity without boundary: individuality is like a temporary delimitation; realization is the dissolution of conceptual borders into undivided awareness.