Shloka 113

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

ऋणप्रदाता वैद्यश्च श्रोत्रियः सजला नदी ।

जितामित्रो नृपो यत्र बलवान् धर्मतत्परः ॥

Transliteration

ṛṇapradātā vaidyaśca śrotriyaḥ sajalā nadī / jitāmitro nṛpo yatra balavān dharmatatparaḥ

Translation

Wo es einen Darlehensgeber, einen Arzt, einen gelehrten Śrotriya und einen wasserführenden Fluss gibt—und wo der König stark ist, dem Dharma ergeben und seine Feinde besiegt oder gezähmt hat—dort ist ein geeigneter Ort (zum Wohnen).

Word by Word

• ṛṇa-pradātā: a lender (giver of loans)
• ṛṇa-pradātā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṇa + pradātṛ (प्रातिपदिक; दातृ-प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (ṛṇasya pradātā = giver of debt/loan)

• vaidyaḥ: a physician
• vaidyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• śrotriyaḥ: a Veda-knower (learned Brahmin)
• śrotriyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrotriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• sa-jalā: water-filled
• sa-jalā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa + jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (saha jalena = with water)

• nadī: a river
• nadī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• jita-amitraḥ: having conquered enemies
• jita-amitraḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jita (कृदन्त; √ji जि (धातु) + क्त) + amitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहिः (yasya amitrāḥ jitāḥ saḥ = whose enemies are conquered)

• nṛpaḥ: a king
• nṛpaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक सम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय)

• balavān: powerful
• balavān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: balavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• dharma-tatparaḥ: devoted to righteousness
• dharma-tatparaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma + tatpara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); सप्तमी/विषय-तत्पुरुषः (dharme tatparaḥ = devoted to dharma)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within dharma-teaching context

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Civic order
• Health
• Education
• Economy
• Water security

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A flourishing dharmic society rests on practical supports: economic resilience (credit), health care, learned guidance, water access, and righteous governance that ensures security.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Social-dharma instruction (ācāra/rājadharma-adjacent), not a cosmological lakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘four’ can be read as sustaining forces: artha (credit), ārogya (medicine), jñāna (śrotriya), and jīvana (water). The righteous king integrates them by providing order (daṇḍa aligned with dharma).