Shloka 9

Adhyaya 12 — The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha

Sanskrit

एवं तस्मान्नरैर्मोक्षो ह्यतिक्रान्तैरवाप्यते ।

वर्षायुतायुतैः पापं यैः कृतं दुष्टबुद्धिभिः ॥

Transliteration

evaṃ tasmān narair mokṣo hy atikrāntair avāpyate /

varṣāyutāyutaiḥ pāpaṃ yaiḥ kṛtaṃ duṣṭa-buddhibhiḥ

Translation

So erlangen solche Menschen erst, nachdem sie jene Qual überschritten haben, die Befreiung; wer von verderbtem Verstand ist und Sünde beging, muss sie über viele zehn Millionen Jahre erdulden.

Word by Word

• एवं: thus
• एवं: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evaṃ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)

• तस्मात्: from that (cause/condition)
• तस्मात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/पञ्चमी), एकवचन (Singular)

• नरैः: by men
• नरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन (Plural)

• मोक्षः: liberation
• मोक्षः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), निपात (particle), अवधान/हेतु-बोधक (emphatic/causal)

• अतिक्रान्तैः: by those who have transgressed
• अतिक्रान्तैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ati-√kram (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् ‘नरैः’

• अवाप्यते: is obtained
• अवाप्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√āp (धातु)
• Form: लट् लकार (Present/लट्), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• वर्षायुतायुतैः: by tens of millions of years (lit. by year-ten-thousand-ten-thousand)
• वर्षायुतायुतैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṣa + ayuta + ayuta (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (समाहार/परिमाणवाचक), तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन; परिमाणवाचक-तत्पुरुषः (varṣa-āyuta-āyuta = ‘ten-thousand tens-of-thousands of years’)

• पापम्: sin
• पापम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन (Singular)

• यैः: by whom
• यैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• कृतम्: done/committed
• कृतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √kṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘पापम्’

• दुष्टबुद्धिभिः: by the wicked-minded
• दुष्टबुद्धिभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duṣṭa + buddhi (प्रातिपदिक-समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (duṣṭā buddhir yeṣām = ‘those whose intellect is wicked’)

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Karma-phala
• Temporal scale
• Afterlife

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text stresses proportionality and inevitability of karmic fruition: deep-rooted wrongdoing yields prolonged consequence, urging timely repentance and righteous conduct.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Touches cosmological time-sense but functions chiefly as dharma-śikṣā (ethical instruction) through afterlife narrative rather than manvantara genealogy.

What is the esoteric significance?

Immense durations symbolize how entrenched tendencies (saṃskāras) take long to exhaust; ‘release’ here is exhaustion of a karmic charge, not necessarily mokṣa in the Vedāntic sense.