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Shloka 27

Draupadī’s Lament and Theodicy: Dharma, Dice, and Īśvara’s Governance (Āraṇyaka-parva 31)

तपकश्न ब्रह्मचर्य च यज्ञ: स्वाध्याय एव च | दानमार्जवमेतानि यदि स्युरफलानि वै,यदि तप, ब्रह्मचर्य, यज्ञ, स्वाध्याय, दान और सरलता आदि धर्म निष्फल होते तो पहले जो श्रेष्ठ और श्रेष्ठतर पुरुष हुए हैं वे धर्मका आचरण नहीं करते। यदि धार्मिक क्रियाओंका कुछ फल नहीं होता, वे सब निरी ठगविद्या होतीं तो ऋषि, देवता, गन्धर्व, असुर तथा राक्षस प्रभावशाली होते हुए भी किसलिये आदरपूर्वक धर्मका आचरण करते

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | tapaḥ kṣamā brahmacaryaṃ ca yajñaḥ svādhyāya eva ca | dānam ārjavam etāni yadi syur aphalāni vai |

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „Wenn Askese, Duldsamkeit, die Zucht des Brahmacarya, Opfer, Selbststudium (Svādhyāya), Wohltätigkeit und Geradheit wahrhaft fruchtlos wären, dann hätten die Edlen und Edelsten der Vorzeit Dharma nicht geübt. Und wenn religiöse Handlungen keinen Ertrag brächten—wenn sie bloßer Betrug wären—warum würden selbst die mächtigen ṛṣis, Götter, Gandharvas, Asuras und Rākṣasas Dharma weiterhin ehrfürchtig achten und befolgen?“

तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्रह्मचर्यम्celibacy / studentship
ब्रह्मचर्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यज्ञःsacrifice
यज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वाध्यायःself-study (Vedic recitation)
स्वाध्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दानम्gift / charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आर्जवम्straightforwardness / honesty
आर्जवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआर्जव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
स्युःwould be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अफलानिfruitless
अफलानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed / surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dharma
Ṛṣis
D
Devas
G
Gandharvas
A
Asuras
R
Rākṣasas

Educational Q&A

Yudhiṣṭhira argues that dharmic disciplines (tapas, kṣamā, brahmacarya, yajña, svādhyāya, dāna, ārjava) are not meaningless: their continued reverent observance by the greatest beings and exemplars implies that righteous action bears real moral and spiritual fruit.

In the Vana Parva dialogue context, Yudhiṣṭhira reasons about the validity and efficacy of dharma, challenging the idea that virtuous or ritual actions are futile by citing the conduct of ancient श्रेष्ठ पुरुष and even powerful classes of beings (ṛṣis, devas, gandharvas, asuras, rākṣasas) who still uphold dharma.