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Shloka 16

Draupadī’s Lament and Theodicy: Dharma, Dice, and Īśvara’s Governance (Āraṇyaka-parva 31)

उन्मत्तान्‌ मन्यते बाल: सर्वानागतनिश्चयान्‌ | धर्माभिशड्को नान्यस्मात्‌ प्रमाणमधिगच्छति,धर्मके विषयमें संशय रखनेवाला बालबुद्धि मानव जिन्हें धर्मके तत्त्वका निश्चय हो गया है, उन समस्त ज्ञानीजनोंको उन्मत्त समझता है; अतः वह बालबुद्धि दूसरे किसीसे कोई शास्त्र-प्रमाण नहीं ग्रहण करता

unmattān manyate bālaḥ sarvān āgata-niścayān | dharmābhiśaṅko nānyasmāt pramāṇam adhigacchati ||

Wer kindlichen Verstandes ist und am Dharma zweifelt, hält alle Weisen, die zu fester Gewissheit über seine Wahrheit gelangt sind, für wie von Sinnen. Darum nimmt er in seiner unreifen Einsicht von niemandem einen maßgeblichen Beweis oder ein Zeugnis über das Dharma an.

उन्मत्तान्mad, insane (as objects of thinking)
उन्मत्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउन्मत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मन्यतेthinks, considers
मन्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
बालःa child; a foolish person
बालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आगत-निश्चयान्those who have reached a settled conclusion
आगत-निश्चयान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआगतनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धर्म-अभिशङ्कःone who suspects/doubts dharma
धर्म-अभिशङ्कः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्माभिशङ्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यस्मात्from another (source/person)
अन्यस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रमाणम्proof; valid authority
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अधिगच्छतिobtains; accepts; comes to (as authority)
अधिगच्छति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम् (गच्छति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

Moral skepticism combined with immaturity leads a person to dismiss the wise as irrational and to reject valid sources of knowledge (pramāṇa) about dharma; humility and receptivity to authority and reason are necessary for ethical understanding.

Yudhiṣṭhira is articulating a reflection on how a doubter of dharma behaves: he misjudges those who are settled in dharma and refuses to accept guidance or authoritative testimony, highlighting a barrier to learning and right conduct.