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Shloka 27

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

वैश्यो<धीत्य ब्राह्मणान क्षत्रियां श्र धनै: काले संविभज्यतश्रितांश्ष । त्रेतापूतं धूममापच्राय पुण्यं प्रेत्य स्वर्गे दिव्यसुखानि भुझ्क्ते,वैश्य यदि वेद-शास्त्रोंका अध्ययन करके ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय तथा आश्रितजनोंको समय- समयपर धन देकर उनकी सहायता करे और यज्ञोंद्वारा तीनों- अग्नियोंके पवित्र धूमकी सुगन्ध लेता रहे तो वह मरनेके पश्चात्‌ स्वर्गलोकमें दिव्य सुख भोगता है

vaiśyo ’dhītya brāhmaṇān kṣatriyāṁś ca dhanaiḥ kāle saṁvibhajya tadāśritān | tretā-pūtaṁ dhūmam āpāśritya puṇyaṁ pretya svarge divya-sukhāni bhuṅkte ||

Vidura sprach: Wenn ein Vaiśya Veda und Śāstras studiert, zur rechten Zeit seinen Reichtum teilt, um Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas und die von ihm Abhängigen zu unterstützen, und die reinigenden Opferfeuer unterhält—lebend im Duft ihres geläuterten Rauches—dann erlangt er nach dem Tod Verdienst und genießt göttliche Freude im Himmel.

वैश्यःa Vaishya (merchant/commoner)
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधीत्यhaving studied
अधीत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अधीते)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
वेद-शास्त्राणिVedas and scriptures
वेद-शास्त्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद-शास्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
क्षत्रियान्Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियान्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आश्रितान्dependents; those who have taken refuge
आश्रितान्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धनैःwith wealth; by means of money
धनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कालेat the proper time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संविभज्यhaving distributed; having shared
संविभज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-वि-भज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
त्रेता-पूतम्purified by the three (sacred) fires
त्रेता-पूतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रेता-पूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धूमम्smoke (of the sacrifice)
धूमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधूम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आघ्रायhaving smelled; having inhaled
आघ्राय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-घ्रा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
पुण्यम्merit; virtue
पुण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रेत्यhaving departed (i.e., after death)
प्रेत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-इ (प्रेति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
स्वर्गेin heaven
स्वर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दिव्य-सुखानिdivine pleasures
दिव्य-सुखानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्य-सुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
भुङ्क्तेenjoys; partakes
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
V
Vaiśya
B
Brāhmaṇas
K
Kṣatriyas
Ā
Āśritas (dependents)
T
Three sacred fires (tretā)
S
Svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

Wealth and social power become dharmic when guided by study (veda-śāstra), timely generosity to worthy recipients and dependents, and the maintenance of yajña (the sacred fires). Such a life yields puṇya and a favorable afterlife.

In Vidura’s counsel (nīti) within Udyoga Parva, he describes the proper conduct and spiritual reward for a vaiśya: learning, supporting brāhmaṇas and kṣatriyas and one’s dependents, and sustaining sacrificial rites, culminating in attainment of svarga after death.