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Shloka 28

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

ब्रह्म क्षत्रं वैश्यवर्ण च शूद्र: क्रमेणैतान्‌ न्‍्यायत: पूजयान: । तुष्टेष्वेतेष्वव्यथो दग्धपाप- स्त्यकत्वा देहं स्वर्गसुखानि भुड्न्ते,शूद्र यदि ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्यकी क्रमसे न्यायपूर्वक सेवा करके इन्हें संतुष्ट करता है तो वह व्यथासे रहित हो पापोंसे मुक्त होकर देह-त्यागके पश्चात्‌ स्वर्गसुखका उपभोग करता है

brahma kṣatraṁ vaiśyavarṇaṁ ca śūdraḥ krameṇaitān nyāyataḥ pūjayānaḥ | tuṣṭeṣv eteṣv avyatho dagdhapāpas tyaktvā dehaṁ svargasukhāni bhuṅkte ||

Vidura lehrt: Wenn ein Śūdra in der rechten Ordnung und mit Gerechtigkeit Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya und Vaiśya ehrt und ihnen dient und sie dadurch zufriedenstellt, wird er frei von Kummer, und seine Sünden werden verbrannt. Nach dem Verlassen des Körpers erlangt und genießt er die Freude des Himmels.

ब्रह्मthe Brahmin (class)
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षत्रम्the Kshatriya (class)
क्षत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वैश्यवर्णम्the Vaishya varna
वैश्यवर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्यवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रमेणin due order
क्रमेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एतान्these (persons/classes)
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
न्यायतःjustly; according to propriety
न्यायतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन्याय
पूजयानःhonouring; serving respectfully
पूजयानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
Formशानच् (present active participle), Parasmaipada (active), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तुष्टेषुwhen (they are) satisfied
तुष्टेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतुष्ट
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
एतेषुin/among these
एतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अव्यथःfree from distress
अव्यथः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दग्धपापःwhose sins are burnt up
दग्धपापः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदग्धपाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
देहम्the body
देहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्वर्गसुखानिheavenly pleasures
स्वर्गसुखानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्गसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
भुञ्जतेthey enjoy
भुञ्जते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdra
S
Svarga

Educational Q&A

Rightful, orderly, and respectful service (nyāyataḥ pūjā) toward the other varṇas is presented as dharmic conduct that purifies the doer (dagdhapāpa) and leads to well-being here (avyatha) and heavenly reward after death (svarga-sukha).

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he outlines norms of dharma and social duty. Here he states the फल (result) for a śūdra who properly honors and serves brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, and vaiśyas: their satisfaction brings the śūdra freedom from distress, purification from sin, and attainment of svarga after death.