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Shloka 15

उतथ्योपदेशः—राजधर्मः, दर्पनिग्रहः, प्रजारक्षणम्

Utathya’s Instruction: Royal Dharma, Restraint of Pride, Protection of Subjects

यस्मिन्‌ धर्मो विराजेत तं राजानं प्रचक्षते । यस्मिन्‌ विलीयते धर्मस्तं देवा वृषलं विदु:

yasmin dharmo virājeta taṃ rājānaṃ pracakṣate | yasmin vilīyate dharmas taṃ devā vṛṣalaṃ viduḥ ||

Utathya sprach: „Wahrhaft König heißt, in wem Dharma erstrahlt. Doch in wem Dharma zerfließt und verschwindet—den erkennen selbst die Götter als vṛṣala: einen gefallenen, unwürdigen Herrscher.“

यस्मिन्in whom/wherein
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विराजेतshould shine/reign
विराजेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-राज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him/that (person)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजानम्king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रचक्षतेthey call/declare
प्रचक्षते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-चक्ष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
यस्मिन्in whom/wherein
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विलीयतेmelts away, dissolves, is lost
विलीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ली
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him/that (person)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वृषलम्a vile man/outcaste (one devoid of dharma)
वृषलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृषल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःthey know/consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (Lit), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
D
Devas (gods)
R
Rājā (king/ruler)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy is measured by dharma: where dharma visibly prevails, one deserves the title ‘king’; where dharma has vanished, even if power remains, the ruler is deemed fallen and unfit.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on governance and conduct, the sage Utathya defines true kingship by the presence of dharma and condemns rulers who let dharma decay, stating that the gods themselves regard such a person as a vṛṣala.