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Shloka 21

कर्ण-पाण्डव-संमर्दः — Karṇa and Arjuna’s Intensified Engagement

ततो विस्फार्य सुमहद्धेमपृष्ठं दुरासदम्‌ । चापं भरतशार्टूलस्त्यक्तात्मा कर्णमभ्ययात्‌,उस समय भरतवंशके उस सिंहने अपने जीवनका मोह छोड़कर सुवर्णमय पृष्ठभागसे सुशोभित दुर्धर्ष एवं विशाल धनुषकी टंकार करते हुए वहाँ कर्णपर धावा किया

tato visphārya sumahad hemapṛṣṭhaṁ durāsadam | cāpaṁ bharataśārṭūlas tyaktātmā karṇam abhyayāt ||

Da stürmte der Tiger unter den Bharatas, nachdem er jede Sorge um das eigene Leben von sich geworfen hatte, den riesigen, schwer abzuwehrenden Bogen mit goldglänzendem Rücken laut anreißend, geradewegs auf Karṇa zu. Der Augenblick zeigt die grimmige Entschlossenheit des Kriegers: Das eigene Überleben wird beiseitegestellt, um die Pflicht der Schlacht zu erfüllen, selbst gegen einen furchtbaren Gegner.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
विस्फार्यhaving twanged/caused to resound
विस्फार्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootविस्फारय्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भाव (active sense)
सुमहत्very great, huge
सुमहत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हेमपृष्ठम्gold-backed (with a golden back)
हेमपृष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहेमपृष्ठ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुरासदम्hard to approach/assail
दुरासदम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुरासद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चापम्bow
चापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भरतशार्दूलःthe tiger among the Bharatas
भरतशार्दूलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभरतशार्दूल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्यक्तात्माone who has abandoned self-concern (reckless of life)
त्यक्तात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यक्तात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्णम्Karna
कर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभ्ययात्went towards/attacked
अभ्ययात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-या
Formलङ् (imperfect), past, 3rd, Singular, परस्मैपद

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karṇa
B
bharataśārṭūla (Arjuna, by epithet)
C
cāpa (bow)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the Kṣatriya ideal of steadfastness in battle: a warrior, facing a daunting foe, acts with full resolve and without clinging to personal safety. Ethically, it portrays commitment to one’s chosen duty (svadharma) and the readiness to bear its consequences.

Sañjaya describes Arjuna (called ‘bharataśārṭūla’) twanging his immense, golden-backed bow and then advancing to attack Karṇa, signaling the start or intensification of a direct confrontation.