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Shloka 20

धृतराष्ट्र-संजय-संवादः — सात्यकि-अलम्बुसयोर्युद्धवर्णनम्

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Saṃjaya Dialogue; Account of Sātyaki vs Alambusa

नानाविधानि सैन्यानि तव हत्वा तु सात्वतः । प्रविष्टस्तावकं सैन्यं द्रावयित्वा चमूं भूशम्‌,इस प्रकार आपकी नाना प्रकारकी सेनाओंका संहार करके तथा बहुत-से सैनिकोंको भगाकर सात्यकि आपकी सेनाके भीतर घुस गये

nānāvidhāni sainyāni tava hatvā tu sātvatāḥ | praviṣṭas tāvakaṃ sainyaṃ drāvayitvā camūṃ bhūśam ||

Sañjaya sprach: Nachdem der Sātvata-Krieger (Sātyaki) vielerlei deiner Truppen erschlagen hatte, drang er mit Gewalt in dein Heer ein; nachdem er das Aufgebot in die Flucht geschlagen und die Soldaten auseinandergetrieben hatte, setzte er seinen Vorstoß durch das Schlachtfeld fort. Der Bericht unterstreicht die düstere Ethik des kṣatriya-Krieges: Tapferkeit misst sich am Brechen feindlicher Formationen, doch der Preis ist die Vernichtung und die Panik unzähliger Menschen.

नानाvarious, many kinds of
नाना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाना
Formavyaya
विधानिkinds, types
विधानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootविधा
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, plural
सैन्यानिarmies, troops
सैन्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
Formneuter, accusative, plural
तवof you, your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formgenitive, singular
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा), indeclinable
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
Formavyaya
सात्वतःSātyaki (the Sātvata)
सात्वतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसात्वत
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रविष्टःentered
प्रविष्टः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-विश्
Formpast passive participle (क्त), masculine nominative singular
तावकम्your, belonging to you
तावकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सैन्यम्army, host
सैन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
द्रावयित्वाhaving caused to flee, having routed
द्रावयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु (द्रवति) / द्रावयति (णिच्)
Formcausative absolutive (णिच् + क्त्वा), indeclinable
चमूम्army (division), host
चमूम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचमू
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
भूशम्greatly, exceedingly
भूशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूशम्
Formavyaya

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'tava')
S
Sātyaki (as 'Sātvata')
K
Kaurava army (tāvakaṃ sainyam)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ideal of decisive action in war—breaking enemy ranks and causing a rout—while implicitly reminding the listener of war’s moral weight: victory is narrated through slaughter and the terror of fleeing soldiers.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Sātyaki, after killing many of the Kaurava troops, penetrated deep into their formation and scattered the host, sending many warriors running.