Shloka 101

Chapter 47: Krauñca-vyūha Deployment and Conch-Signals

Kaurava–Pāṇḍava Readiness

Devanagari script

(अवसद्‌ धार्तराष्ट्रस्य कुत्सयन्‌ कर्म दुष्कृतम्‌ सेनामध्ये हि तैः साक॑ युद्धाय कृतनिश्चय: ।।

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | avasad dhārtarāṣṭrasya kutsayan karma duṣkṛtam senāmadhye hi taiḥ sākaṃ yuddhāya kṛtaniścayaḥ || tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā samprahṛṣṭaḥ sahānujaḥ | jagrāha kavacaṃ bhūyo dīptimat kanakojjvalam ||

Translation

Sañjaya sprach: Indem er die frevelhafte Tat des Sohnes Dhṛtarāṣṭras tadelte, blieb er in jenem Heer, entschlossen, an der Seite der Pāṇḍavas zu kämpfen. Darauf nahm König Yudhiṣṭhira, hoch erfreut und von seinen jüngeren Brüdern begleitet, erneut einen strahlenden Harnisch und legte ihn an, leuchtend im Glanz des Goldes.

Word by Word

• अवसत्: he stayed / he remained
• अवसत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव√सद्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य: of Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s (son) / of the Dhārtarāṣṭra
• धार्तराष्ट्रस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• कुत्सयन्: censuring
• कुत्सयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कुत्सय्
• Form: Present active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कर्म: deed, action
• कर्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• दुष्कृतम्: evil, wicked (deed)
• दुष्कृतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्कृत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सेनामध्ये: in the midst of the army
• सेनामध्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेनामध्य
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• तैः: with them / by them
• तैः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• साकम्: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साकम्

• युद्धाय: for battle
• युद्धाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: Neuter, Dative, Singular

• कृतनिश्चयः: having made a resolve; determined
• कृतनिश्चयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतनिश्चय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सम्प्रहृष्टः: highly delighted
• सम्प्रहृष्टः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-प्र√हृष्
• Form: Past passive participle (Kta), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• अनुजैः: with (his) younger brothers
• अनुजैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुज
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• जग्राह: took; put on
• जग्राह: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ग्रह्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• कवचम्: armor, cuirass
• कवचम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवच
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• भूयः: again; moreover
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूयस्

• दीप्तिमत्: shining, radiant
• दीप्तिमत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्तिमत्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कनकोज्ज्वलम्: bright like gold; gold-splendid
• कनकोज्ज्वलम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कनकोज्ज्वल
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra (by patronymic dhārtarāṣṭra)
• Duryodhana (implied by dhārtarāṣṭrasya)
• Yudhishthira
• Younger brothers of Yudhishthira (the Pandavas, implied by sahānujaḥ)
• Army (senā)
• Armor/coat of mail (kavaca)
• Gold (kanaka)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid unavoidable war, the text foregrounds ethical judgment: wrongdoing (duṣkṛta) is explicitly censured, while righteous agents act with firm resolve (kṛtaniścaya) and preparedness, aligning duty with moral clarity.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that a figure remains within the Kaurava army while condemning Duryodhana’s evil act, having resolved to fight alongside the Pandavas; immediately after, Yudhishthira, joyful with his brothers, puts on a radiant golden armor in preparation for battle.