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Shloka 21

Ruru’s Lament and the Lifespan Exchange for Pramadvarā (रुरु–प्रमद्वरा आयुर्विभागः)

स कदाचिद्‌ वन विप्रो रुरुरभ्यागमन्महत्‌ । शयानं तत्र चापश्यद्‌ डुण्डुभं वयसान्वितम्‌,एक दिनकी बात है, ब्राह्मण रुक किसी विशाल वनमें गया, वहाँ उसने डुण्डुभ जातिके एक बूढ़े साँपको सोते देखा

sa kadācid vanaṃ vipro rurur abhyāgaman mahat | śayānaṃ tatra cāpaśyad ḍuṇḍubhaṃ vayasānvitam ||

Einst begab sich der Brahmane Ruru in einen weiten, mächtigen Wald. Dort erblickte er eine betagte Schlange aus der Art Ḍuṇḍubha, die schlafend dalag — eine Begegnung, die zur Betrachtung führt, wie man selbst scheinbar hilflose Wesen behandeln soll und welche Folgen das eigene Tun nach sich zieht.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कदाचित्once, at some time
कदाचित्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
विप्रःa brahmin
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रुरुःRuru (proper name)
रुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यागमत्went to, came
अभ्यागमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-गम्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
महत्great, large
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शयानम्lying down, sleeping
शयानम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootशी (शय्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपश्यत्saw
अपश्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
डुण्डुभम्a Dundubha (a kind of serpent)
डुण्डुभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootडुण्डुभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वयसाwith age
वयसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवयस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्वितम्endowed with, accompanied by
अन्वितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

धर्मराज उवाच

R
Ruru
F
forest (vana)
D
Dundubha serpent (ḍuṇḍubha)

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces a situation meant to test dharma: how one responds to a vulnerable being (here, an old sleeping serpent) can reveal one’s ethical disposition and lead to significant consequences.

Ruru, a Brahmin, enters a great forest and notices an aged Dundubha serpent lying asleep there, marking the beginning of an encounter that will develop into a moral episode.