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Shloka 5

आर्जुन–गन्धर्वसंवादः

Arjuna–Gandharva Dialogue on Honor, Night-Power, and Purohita-Nīti

इह वा तारयेद्‌ दुर्गादुत वा प्रेत्य भारत । सर्वथा तारयेत्‌ पुत्र: पुत्र इत्युच्यते बुधै:,'जो पुत्र इस लोकमें दुर्गण संकटसे पार लगाये अथवा मृत्युके पश्चात्‌ परलोकमें उद्धार करे--सब प्रकार पिताको तार दे, उसे ही दविद्वानोंने वास्तवमें पुत्र कहा है

iha vā tārayet durgād uta vā pretya bhārata | sarvathā tārayet putraḥ putra ity ucyate budhaiḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana sprach: „O Bhārata, ob ein Sohn seinen Vater hier in dieser Welt aus Gefahr und Not errettet oder ihn nach dem Tod in der jenseitigen Welt erlöst — wer den Vater auf jede Weise rettet, den nennen die Weisen wahrhaft einen ‚Sohn‘.“

इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
Formindeclinable (locative sense: 'here')
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
Formindeclinable (disjunctive particle)
तारयेत्should deliver / should save
तारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
Formvidhi-lin (optative), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular, present-system causative (णिच्): 'cause to cross/save'
दुर्गात्from danger / from difficulty
दुर्गात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
Formneuter, ablative, singular
उतor else / or also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
Formindeclinable (emphatic/disjunctive particle)
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
Formindeclinable (disjunctive particle)
प्रेत्यafter death / having departed
प्रेत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-इ
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्) form: 'having gone (away), after death'
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
सर्वथाin every way / entirely
सर्वथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वथा
Formindeclinable (adverb)
तारयेत्should deliver / should save
तारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
Formvidhi-lin (optative), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular, present-system causative (णिच्)
पुत्रःa son
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पुत्रःson (as the one so called)
पुत्रः:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
Formindeclinable (quotative particle)
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formpresent tense (lat), passive (karmaṇi), 3rd person, singular, ātmanepada
बुधैःby the wise (people)
बुधैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुध
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhārata (Janamejaya)

Educational Q&A

A true ‘son’ is defined ethically by his capacity to protect and uplift his father—both in worldly crises and, through righteous conduct and ritual responsibility, in the posthumous welfare of the father.

Vaiśampāyana, addressing Janamejaya as ‘Bhārata’, offers a normative definition of ‘putra’ (son), emphasizing the son’s role as a deliverer from danger in this life and as a source of spiritual benefit after death.