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Shloka 20

Yuga-Dharma: The Four Ages, Decline of Dharma, and the Rise of Social Order

आद्ये कृतयुगे धर्मश्चतुष्पादः सनातनः / त्रेतायुगे त्रिपादः स्याद् द्विपादो द्वापरे स्थितः / त्रिपादहीनस्तिष्ये तु सत्तामात्रेण तिष्ठति

ādye kṛtayuge dharmaścatuṣpādaḥ sanātanaḥ / tretāyuge tripādaḥ syād dvipādo dvāpare sthitaḥ / tripādahīnastiṣye tu sattāmātreṇa tiṣṭhati

Im ersten Zeitalter, dem Kṛta-Yuga, steht das ewige Dharma auf allen vier Füßen. Im Tretā-Yuga wird es dreifüßig; im Dvāpara bleibt es zweifüßig. Doch im Tiṣya (Kali)-Zeitalter, dreier Füße beraubt, hält es sich nur noch durch das bloße Dasein.

ādyein the first (age)
ādye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootādya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; (yuge understood) locative of time ‘in the first’
kṛta-yugein the Kṛta-yuga
kṛta-yuge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛta (प्रातिपदिक) + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; locative of time
dharmaḥdharma/righteousness
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
catuṣ-pādaḥfour-footed (complete in four parts)
catuṣ-pādaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatuṣ (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi ‘having four feet/quarters’ qualifying dharmaḥ
sanātanaḥeternal
sanātanaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsanātana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifies dharmaḥ
tretā-yugein the Tretā-yuga
tretā-yuge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottretā (प्रातिपदिक) + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; locative of time
tri-pādaḥthree-footed (three parts)
tri-pādaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (elliptic: dharmaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi ‘having three feet/quarters’ (dharmaḥ understood)
syātwould be/is (in that age)
syāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
FormVidhiliṅ (विधिलिङ्, optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada
dvi-pādaḥtwo-footed (two parts)
dvi-pādaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (elliptic: dharmaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi ‘having two feet/quarters’ (dharmaḥ understood)
dvāparein the Dvāpara(-yuga)
dvāpare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdvāpara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; (yuge understood) locative of time
sthitaḥremains/stands
sthitaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया) / predicate
TypeVerb
Root√sthā (धातु) (स्थित = past passive participle)
FormKta-participle (क्त), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; ‘standing/remaining’ (dharmaḥ understood)
tri-pāda-hīnaḥdeprived of three quarters
tri-pāda-hīnaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (elliptic: dharmaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक) + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘tripādaiḥ hīnaḥ’ = lacking three parts (i.e., having only one) (dharmaḥ understood)
tiṣyein Tiṣya (Kali age)
tiṣye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottiṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; name of Kali-yuga as Tiṣya; locative of time
tubut
tu:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adversative/contrastive particle
sattā-mātreṇaby mere existence alone
sattā-mātreṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsattā (प्रातिपदिक) + mātra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; instrumental of means; tatpuruṣa ‘mātra of existence’
tiṣṭhatistands/remains
tiṣṭhati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√sthā (धातु)
FormLaṭ, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

Lord Kūrma (Vishnu) instructing the sages (framed within the Purāṇic dialogue tradition)

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

D
Dharma
K
Kṛta-yuga
T
Tretā-yuga
D
Dvāpara-yuga
T
Tiṣya (Kali-yuga)

FAQs

Indirectly: it distinguishes the changing condition of worldly Dharma across yugas from what is sanātana (eternal). The implication is that the highest truth and the Self are not diminished by time, even when social-religious order declines.

This verse itself is doctrinal rather than procedural: it sets the Kali-yuga context where external supports of Dharma are weakened. In the Kurma Purana’s broader Shaiva–Vaishnava synthesis, this context typically intensifies the need for inner discipline—japa, dhyāna, and devotion—aligned with Pāśupata-style restraint and purity when public righteousness is fragile.

Not explicitly. Yet its teaching fits the Kurma Purana’s non-sectarian frame: Dharma declines in time, so refuge is sought in the one supreme reality praised through both Shaiva and Vaishnava idioms—Shiva as Pashupati and Vishnu as Kūrma/Nārāyaṇa—without contradiction.