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Shloka 1

Vṛtrāsura Rebukes Indra; Heroic Combat and the Asura’s Pure Devotional Prayers

श्रीशुक उवाच त एवं शंसतो धर्मं वच: पत्युरचेतस: । नैवागृह्णन्त सम्भ्रान्ता: पलायनपरा नृप ॥ १ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca ta evaṁ śaṁsato dharmaṁ vacaḥ patyur acetasaḥ naivāgṛhṇanta sambhrāntāḥ palāyana-parā nṛpa

Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī sprach: O König, Vṛtrāsura, der Oberbefehlshaber der Asuras, ermahnte seine Unterführer nach den Grundsätzen des Dharma; doch die feigen dämonischen Befehlshaber, auf Flucht vom Schlachtfeld bedacht, waren von Angst so aufgewühlt, dass sie seine Worte nicht annehmen konnten.

śrī-śukaḥŚrī Śuka
śrī-śukaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (श्रीमान् शुकः)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
evamthus
evam:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (manner adverb)
śaṁsataḥof (him) who was proclaiming
śaṁsataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Root√śaṁs (धातु)
Formकृदन्त: शतृ-प्रत्यय (वर्तमान कृदन्त/Present active participle), षष्ठी (Genitive) एकवचन/द्विवचन?; here: षष्ठी एकवचन ‘of (him) who was praising/declaring’
dharmamduty/righteousness
dharmam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
vacaḥwords/speech
vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
patyuḥof the husband/lord
patyuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootpati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
acetasaḥof the senseless/unmindful (one)
acetasaḥ:
Viseṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota- + cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; नञ्-समास/नकारार्थ (a-): ‘unthinking’
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
evaindeed/at all
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis/only)
agṛhṇantathey accepted/took (heed)
agṛhṇanta:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√grah (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; उपसर्ग: आ-
sambhrāntāḥconfused/agitated
sambhrāntāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsambhrānta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; कर्तृविशेषण
palāyana-parāḥintent on fleeing
palāyana-parāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpalāyana (प्रातिपदिक) + para (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (पलायने पराः)
nṛpaO king
nṛpa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
K
King Parīkṣit
Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī

FAQs

This verse shows that when the mind is overwhelmed by fear and confusion, even correct instruction on dharma may not be received; inner steadiness is needed to grasp spiritual guidance.

Śukadeva is narrating the episode to King Parīkṣit, emphasizing that the lesson—how people react under danger and how dharma can be forgotten—has practical relevance for a ruler and for all listeners.

When panic arises, first regain composure (pause, pray, remember Bhagavān, seek clarity); only then can wise counsel be understood and acted upon instead of reacting impulsively.