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Shloka 53

Jarāsandha’s Siege of Mathurā, Kṛṣṇa-Balarāma’s Victory, and the Founding of Dvārakā amid Kālayavana’s Threat

द‍ृश्यते यत्र हि त्वाष्ट्रं विज्ञानं शिल्पनैपुणम् । रथ्याचत्वरवीथीभिर्यथावास्तु विनिर्मितम् ॥ ५० ॥ सुरद्रुमलतोद्यानविचित्रोपवनान्वितम् । हेमश‍ृङ्गैर्दिविस्पृग्भि: स्फटिकाट्टालगोपुरै: ॥ ५१ ॥ राजतारकुटै: कोष्ठैर्हेमकुम्भैरलङ्कृतै: । रत्नकूतैर्गृहैर्हेमैर्महामारकत स्थलै: ॥ ५२ ॥ वास्तोष्पतीनां च गृहैर्वल्ल‍भीभिश्च निर्मितम् । चातुर्वर्ण्यजनाकीर्णं यदुदेवगृहोल्ल‍सत् ॥ ५३ ॥

dṛśyate yatra hi tvāṣṭraṁ vijñānaṁ śilpa-naipuṇam rathyā-catvara-vīthībhir yathā-vāstu vinirmitam

Beim Bau jener Stadt konnte man die volle wissenschaftliche Kenntnis und die architektonische Meisterschaft Viśvakarmās erkennen. Breite Hauptstraßen, Handelswege und Plätze waren nach den Regeln des Vāstu auf großzügigen Grundstücken angelegt; prächtige Parks und Gärten mit himmlischen Bäumen und Ranken schmückten sie. Die Tortürme trugen goldene Spitzen, die den Himmel zu berühren schienen, und ihre oberen Stockwerke waren aus klarem Kristall gefertigt. Goldüberzogene Häuser waren vorn mit goldenen Krügen geschmückt, oben mit juwelenbesetzten Dachkämmen, und ihre Böden waren mit Smaragden eingelegt; daneben standen Schatzhäuser, Lager und Ställe für edle Pferde aus Silber und Messing. Jede Wohnstätte besaß einen Wachturm und einen Tempel für die Hausgottheit; von Menschen der vier Varṇa erfüllt, wurde die Stadt besonders durch die Paläste Śrī Kṛṣṇas, des Herrn der Yadus, verherrlicht.

dṛśyateis seen/appears
dṛśyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), कर्मणि प्रयोगः (Passive), प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम् (singular)
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
Formसम्बन्धबोधक-अव्ययम् (relative adverb: 'where')
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपातः (particle), अवधान/हेतौ (indeed/for)
tvāṣṭramof Tvaṣṭṛ; artisan-like
tvāṣṭram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottvāṣṭra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम् (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifier)
vijñānamknowledge, skill
vijñānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvijñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
śilpa-naipuṇamexpertise in craftsmanship
śilpa-naipuṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśilpa (प्रातिपदिक) + naipuṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (skill in craft)
rathyā-catvara-vīthībhiḥby streets, squares, and lanes
rathyā-catvara-vīthībhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootrathyā (प्रातिपदिक) + catvara (प्रातिपदिक) + vīthī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गम् (collective), तृतीया (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचनम्; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (streets, squares, lanes)
yathā-vāstuaccording to architectural principles
yathā-vāstu:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय) + vāstu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समासः; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (adverbial: 'according to the rules of architecture')
vinirmitamconstructed, built
vinirmitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-ni-√mā (धातु)
Formकृदन्तः—भूतकर्मणि क्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्

Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī explains that the state highways ( rathyāḥ ) were in front and the secondary roads ( vīthyaḥ ) behind, and between them were courtyards ( catvarāṇi ). Within these courtyards were surrounding walls, and within the walls stood golden residences, atop which shone crystal watchtowers crowned with golden pots. Thus the buildings were multistoried. The word vāstu indicates that the houses and buildings were constructed on ample plots of land, with plenty of room for green areas.

Y
Yadu dynasty (Yadu-devas)

FAQs

This verse notes that the city was “crowded with people of the four varṇas,” showing an ordered society where different duties and livelihoods coexist in harmony under dharma.

Śukadeva describes Mathurā’s splendor to show the prosperity and prominence of the Yadu dynasty—Krishna’s own people—at the time when major conflicts (like Jarāsandha’s attacks) unfold.

Create communities where diverse roles are respected, families are supported, and public life is organized around shared values—so society becomes stable, dignified, and spiritually conducive.