Sutra 10

Devanagari script

निष्पन्ने हरितपक्वादानं वारयेयुः अन्यत्र शाककटभङ्गमुष्टिभ्यां देवपितृपूजादानार्थं गवार्थं वा ॥ कZ_०५.२.१० ॥

Transliteration

niṣpanne haritapakvādānaṃ vārayeyuḥ anyatra śākakaṭabhaṅgamuṣṭibhyāṃ devapitṛpūjādānārthaṃ gavārthaṃ vā

Translation

Sobald die Ernte angesetzt hat, sollen sie die Entnahme grüner oder reifer Erzeugnisse verhindern; außer (in kleinen Mengen wie) Gemüse, abgebrochene Ähren/Nachlese und Handvoll—genommen für Opfergaben an Götter und Ahnen, für Almosen oder für Rinder (Kühe).

Word by Word

• निष्पन्ने: when (the produce/crop) has come to fruition / once it is produced
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: निष्+√पद् (पद्यते) / निष्पन्न (ppp)
• Form: सप्तमी एकवचनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गे (सामान्यतः) / लोके ‘निष्पन्ने (कर्मणि/अवस्थायाम्)’ = ‘सम्पन्ने/उत्पन्ने (काले)’; past passive participle used as locative absolute-like setting

• हरितपक्वादानम्: taking/levying (produce) whether green/unripe or ripe
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरित + पक्व + आदान
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘हरित-पक्व-आदान’ = (हरितस्य वा पक्वस्य वा) आदानम्

• वारयेयुः: they should prevent / prohibit
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वारयति)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; causative/denominative sense ‘वारयति’ = रोकना

• अन्यत्र: except (in the case of)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यत्र
• Form: अव्यय; अपवादार्थे ‘except/otherwise than’

• शाककटभङ्गमुष्टिभ्याम्: by (allowing) vegetables, fuel/brushwood, hemp, and a handful (small quantity)
• Type: Noun (instrumental dual)
• Root: शाक + कट + भङ्ग + मुष्टि
• Form: तृतीया द्विवचनम्; ‘...भ्याम्’ = ‘by/with (two items)’; समाहार/गण-समासः: शाक- (vegetables), कट- (fuel/brushwood; bundle), भङ्ग- (hemp), मुष्टि- (a fistful/handful) — collectively indicating small quantities/handful-type allowances

• देवपितृपूजादानार्थम्: for the purpose of worship and gifts to the gods and ancestors
• Type: Noun (purpose expression)
• Root: देव + पितृ + पूजा + दान + अर्थ
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘...अर्थम्’ = ‘for the purpose of’; देव-पितृ-पूजा-दान = देवताओं व पितरों की पूजा तथा दान

• गवार्थम्: for the sake of cattle (e.g., fodder/needs)
• Type: Noun (purpose expression)
• Root: गो + अर्थ
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘for the sake of cattle’

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थे ‘or’

Entities Mentioned

• cultivators
• state supervisors (implied)
• gods/ancestors (ritual category)
• cattle

More Details

FAQs

What is the policy intent of allowing only ‘handful’ and similar exceptions?

To preserve strict anti-theft controls while permitting minimal customary use that does not materially reduce assessed yield.