Rig Veda 8.46.8: Mandala 8, Sukta 46, Mantra 8
Sukta 8.46
Devata: Indra
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यस्ते मदो वरेण्यो य इन्द्र वृत्रहन्तमः । य आददिः स्वर्नृभिर्यः पृतनासु दुष्टरः ॥
Transliteration
yás te mádo váreṇyo yá índra vṛtrahán-tamaḥ | yá ādadíḥ svàr nṛ́bhir yáḥ pṛ́tanāsu dúṣṭaraḥ ||
Translation
হে ইন্দ্র, বৃত্রহন! তোমার যে মদ (উৎসাহ-আনন্দ) তা-ই সর্বাধিক বরণীয়; বাধা-নাশে তুমি সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ। নরশক্তির সঙ্গে তুমি স্বঃ (স্বর্গ-আলোক) অধিগ্রহণ করেছ; যুদ্ধে তুমি দুস্তর (অতিক্রম-অসাধ্য/অজেয়)—সেই বিজয়ী বল আমাদের মধ্যে জাগ্রত কর॥
Word by Word
यःwhich, that (he/it which)
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (यः = ‘which/that’ referring to मदः)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तेof you, your
ते:
सम्बन्ध (genitive possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्- (सर्वनाम)
मदःexhilaration, intoxication (soma-rapture)
मदः:
कर्तृ/विषय (subject: ‘the exhilaration/rapture’)
TypeNoun
Rootमद- (प्रातिपदिक) < √मद् ‘to be exhilarated/intoxicated’
वरेण्यःmost choice-worthy, excellent
वरेण्यः:
विशेषण (qualifies मदः)
TypeAdjective
Rootवरेण्य- (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृ ‘to choose’ (gerundive/adj. ‘to be chosen’)
यःwhich, that
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (relative, referring to implied ‘मदः/सः’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन (address)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र- (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वृत्रहन्तमःthe most Vṛtra-slaying, best slayer of Vṛtra
वृत्रहन्तमः:
विशेषण (of the same referent as यः; ‘most Vṛtra-slaying’)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्रहन्- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Vṛtra-slayer’ + तमप् (superlative)
यःwhich, that
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (relative)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
आददिःyou have taken, you have received
आददिः:
क्रिया (predicate; subject = त्वम्/इन्द्रः)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दाने/ग्रहणे) with आ-; perfect 2nd sg. (Vedic) ‘you have taken/received’
स्वःheaven, the light (of heaven)
स्वः:
कर्म (what is taken/obtained)
TypeIndeclinable (Vedic) / Noun-like
Rootस्वर्/स्वः (अव्यय/नाम) ‘heaven, light’
नृभिःwith men, by heroes
नृभिः:
करण/सहकारि (instrumental/associative: ‘with/by men’)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘man, hero’
यःwho, which
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (relative)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पृतनासुin battles
पृतनासु:
अधिकरण (locative: ‘in battles’)
TypeNoun
Rootपृतना- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘battle, host’
दुष्टरःhard to overcome, formidable
दुष्टरः:
विशेषण (of the same referent as यः; ‘hard to overcome’)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्टर- (प्रातिपदिक) < दुर्- + √तॄ/√तॄ (to cross) ‘hard to overcome/cross’
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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