Rig Veda 3.43.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 43, Mantra 5

Sukta 3.43

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for Mandala 3 Indra hymns; for 3.43 specifically)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 3.43; verse length and cadence fit the Indra Triṣṭubh norm)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कुविन्मा गोपां करसे जनस्य कुविद्राजानं मघवन्नृजीषिन् । कुविन्म ऋषिं पपिवांसं सुतस्य कुविन्मे वस्वो अमृतस्य शिक्षाः ॥

Transliteration

kuvín mā gopā́ṃ karase jánasya kuvíd rājā́nam maghavann ṛjīṣin | kuvín ma ṛ́ṣiṃ papivā́ṃsaṃ sutásya kuvín me vásvo amṛ́tasya śíkṣāḥ ||

Translation

তুমি কি সত্যিই আমাকে জনসমূহের গোপা (রক্ষক) করবে? হে মঘবন, নৃজীষিন (সোজা/অচল শক্তির ধারক), তুমি কি আমাকে রাজা করবে? তুমি কি আমাকে ঋষি করবে—সুত (নিষ্পেষিত) সোম পানকারী? তুমি কি আমাকে অমৃত (অমরত্ব)-এর বসু (ধনসম্পদ) শিক্ষা দেবে?

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Word by Word

• कुवित्: whether? perhaps?
• कुवित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कु (प्रश्नार्थक-प्रातिपदिक) + वित् (निपात/किल) → कुवित्

• मा: me
• मा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• गोपाम्: a protector/guardian (lit. cow-protector)
• गोपाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोपा (गो + पा ‘पालने’)

• करसे: you make / you will make
• करसे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (करणे)

• जनस्य: of the people/folk
• जनस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन

• कुवित्: whether? perhaps?
• कुवित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कु + वित्

• राजानम्: king
• राजानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्

• मघवन्: O bountiful one (Maghavan)
• मघवन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: मघवन्

• ऋजीषिन्: O bearer of ṛjīṣa (epithet of Indra)
• ऋजीषिन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: ऋजीषिन्

• कुवित्: whether? perhaps?
• कुवित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कु + वित्

• मे: my / for me
• मे: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• ऋषिम्: seer
• ऋषिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि

• पपिवांसम्: having drunk
• पपिवांसम्: विशेषण (ऋषिम्) / कर्म-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Participle
• Root: पा (पाने) → पपिवांस् (कृत्: क्तवत्/परस्मैपदीय-परिप्रयोगः)

• सुतस्य: of the pressed (Soma)
• सुतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सुत (सु ‘सवने/प्रसवे’ → ‘pressed/expressed’)

• कुवित्: whether? perhaps?
• कुवित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कु + वित्

• मे: my / for me
• मे: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• वस्वः: of wealth / of a good (treasure)
• वस्वः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु

• अमृतस्य: of immortality / of the deathless (nectar)
• अमृतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अमृत

• शिक्षाः: may you teach / may you grant
• शिक्षाः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: शिक्ष् (शिक्षणे ‘to teach/instruct’)