Rig Veda 1.151.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 151, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.151

Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa (dual) (probable from dual forms and Mitra mention)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मित्रं न यं शिम्या गोषु गव्यवः स्वाध्यो विदथे अप्सु जीजनन् । अरेजेतां रोदसी पाजसा गिरा प्रति प्रियं यजतं जनुषामवः ॥

Transliteration

mitráṃ na yaṃ śimyā́ góṣu gavyávaḥ svā́dhyo vidáthe apsú jī́janan | árejetāṃ ródasī pā́jasā girā́ práti priyáṃ yajatáṃ januṣā́m ávaḥ ||

Translation

মিত্রের ন্যায়—যাঁকে গব্যব (গো-সম্পদের সাধক) স্বাধ্য (স্ব-নিয়ম) দ্বারা, বিদথে (যজ্ঞ-সমাবেশে), অপ্সু (জলতত্ত্বে) সাধনায় জন্ম দেন—তেমনি দুই লোক (রোদসী) তেজে কেঁপে ওঠে। বাণীর দ্বারা তারা প্রিয় ও যজ্য যুগলকে উত্তর দেয়—যাঁরা জন্ম থেকেই জীবদের রক্ষাকর্তা (অবঃ)।

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Word by Word

• मित्रम्: Mitra (the god); a friend
• मित्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक) अव्युत्पन्न/नामधातु

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• यम्: whom
• यम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शिम्या: swift/active (RV epithet; ‘energetic, impelling’)
• शिम्या: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण) / Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिम्या (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेषण)

• गोषु: among the cows; in the cattle
• गोषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• गव्यवः: the cattle-seekers/owners (men)
• गव्यवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: गव्यवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘cattle-seeking/possessing’)

• स्वाध्यः: self-impelled; of inherent power
• स्वाध्यः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण) / Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self-impelled/with own power’)

• विदथे: in the vidatha (ritual assembly)
• विदथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘assembly/ritual session’)

• अप्सु: in the waters
• अप्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘waters’)

• जीजनन्: they generated; they produced
• जीजनन्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जनने) (intensive/causative-like RV usage)

• अरेजेताम्: the two shook; trembled
• अरेजेताम्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रेज् (कम्पने)

• रोदसी: Heaven and Earth (the two worlds)
• रोदसी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक; ‘heaven-and-earth’)

• पाजसा: with might; by strength
• पाजसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाजस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, might, brilliance’)

• गिरा: with a hymn; by song
• गिरा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘song, hymn, voice’)

• प्रति: towards; in response to
• प्रति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• प्रियम्: dear; beloved
• प्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• यजतम्: worthy of worship
• यजतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यजत (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy of worship’)

• जनुषाम्: of the races; of the generations
• जनुषाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनुष् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘birth, race, generation’)

• अवः: help; protection
• अवः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘help, favor, protection’)