Shloka 10

कामधेनुसैन्यप्रादुर्भावः

Kamadhenu’s Forces, Visvamitra’s Austerities, and Vasishta’s Wrath

Devanagari script

हतपुत्रबलो दीनो लूनपक्ष इव द्विज:।हतदर्पो हतोत्साहो निर्वेदं समपद्यत।।1.55.10।।

Transliteration

hataputrabalo dīno lūnapakṣa iva dvijaḥ | hatadarpo hatotsāho nirvedaṃ samapadyata || 1.55.10 ||

Translation

পুত্র ও সৈন্যবাহিনী নিহত হওয়ায় তিনি দীন হয়ে পড়লেন; কাটা ডানার পাখির মতো। অহংকার ভেঙে গেল, উদ্যম নিভে গেল, আর তিনি গভীর নিরাশায় নিমগ্ন হলেন।

Word by Word

• हतपुत्रबलः: whose sons and army were slain
• हतपुत्रबलः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत + पुत्र + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); बहुव्रीहिः: "हतं पुत्रबलं यस्य सः"

• दीनः: wretched
• दीनः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject) (predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• लूनपक्षः: with wings cut off
• लूनपक्षः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject) (simile attribute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लून + पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); बहुव्रीहिः: "लूनौ पक्षौ यस्य सः"

• इव: like
• इव: उपमान (Simile marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानवाचक अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• द्विजः: a bird
• द्विजः: उपमान (Upamāna/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); here "bird" (born twice)

• हतदर्पः: with pride destroyed
• हतदर्पः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject) (predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत + दर्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); बहुव्रीहिः: "हतो दर्पो यस्य सः"

• हतोत्साहः: with enthusiasm shattered
• हतोत्साहः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject) (predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत + उत्साह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular); बहुव्रीहिः: "हतो उत्साहो यस्य सः"

• निर्वेदम्: despondency
• निर्वेदम्: कर्म (Karma/Object) (of समपद्यत)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्वेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• समपद्यत: fell into / attained
• समपद्यत: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पद् (धातु) + सम् (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लङ् लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); आत्मनेपद

Context

Having lost his sons and the army, like a bird with wings clipped, wretched, with pride vanished and confidence shattered Viswamitra fell into despondency.

Characters & Entities

• Viśvāmitra

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the ethical consequence of adharma rooted in arrogance: when power is pursued for conquest rather than righteousness, its collapse brings inner ruin and remorse.

What is the narrative situation?

After suffering defeat and heavy loss, Viśvāmitra’s emotional state shifts from aggression to despondency.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

A negative lesson is emphasized: the danger of darpa (pride). The implied virtue is humility and disciplined purpose.