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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 99, Shloka 30

चित्रकूटप्राप्तिः

Bharata Reaches Chitrakuta and Beholds Rama

दृष्ट्वैव विललापाऽर्तो बाष्पसन्दिग्धया गिरा।अशक्नुवन् धारयितुं धैर्याद्वचनमब्रवीत्।।2.99.30।।

dṛṣṭvaiva vilalāpa ārto bāṣpa-sandigdhayā girā | aśaknuvan dhārayituṃ dhairyād vacanam abravīt ||2.99.30||

রামকে দেখামাত্রই আর্ত ভরত বিলাপ করতে লাগলেন; অশ্রুসিক্ত কণ্ঠে তাঁর বাক্য জড়িয়ে এল। ধৈর্য ধরেও নিজেকে সংযত করতে না পেরে তিনি কথা বললেন।

dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), indeclinable
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (निपात)
vilalāpalamented
vilalāpa:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√lap (धातु)
FormVerb; Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
ārtaḥanguished
ārtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootārta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; adjective to (Bharata) implied subject
bāṣpasandigdhayāchoked/blurred with tears
bāṣpasandigdhayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāṣpa-sandigdha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: bāṣpeṇa sandigdhā; Feminine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; agrees with girā
girāwith (his) voice/words
girā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootgir (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (3rd), Singular
aśaknuvanbeing unable
aśaknuvan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Roota-√śak (धातु)
FormVerb; present participle-like form used predicatively: ‘aśaknuvan’ (शक् with न्-प्रत्यय), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; functioning as ‘being unable’
dhārayitumto restrain/hold back
dhārayitum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन; purpose/complement)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√dhṛ (धातु)
FormKridanta; infinitive (तुमुन्), indeclinable
dhairyātfrom courage/steadfastness
dhairyāt:
Hetu (हेतु; cause/source)
TypeNoun
Rootdhairya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular
vacanamwords/speech
vacanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
FormVerb; Aorist (लुङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

On seeing Rama, Bharata could not control his grief with patience and lamented in great anguish and with words choked with tears said:

R
Rama
B
Bharata

FAQs

Dharma here is expressed as sincere emotional truthfulness and reverence: Bharata’s grief is not performative but arises from duty-bound love and moral accountability toward Rāma.

Bharata has reached Rāma in the forest; on seeing him, he breaks into lamentation and begins to speak through tears.

Bharata’s integrity and devotion—his inability to conceal sorrow reflects a conscience aligned with dharma and familial duty.