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Shloka 37

The Greatness of Kāśī (Kāśī-māhātmya) and Avimukta’s Liberative Power

सर्वात्मना तपः सत्यं प्राणिनां नात्र संशयः । अविमुक्तेवसेद्यस्तु स तु साक्षान्महेश्वरः ॥ ३७ ॥

sarvātmanā tapaḥ satyaṃ prāṇināṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ | avimuktevasedyastu sa tu sākṣānmaheśvaraḥ || 37 ||

প্রাণীদের জন্য সর্বাত্মভাবে করা তপস্যা সত্যই ফলদায়ক—এতে সন্দেহ নেই; কিন্তু যে অবিমুক্তে বাস করে, সে তো প্রত্যক্ষ মহেশ্বরই।

सर्वात्मनाwith one’s whole self/entirely
सर्वात्मना:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्व + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास (adverbial compound), तृतीया-एकवचन-रूपेण अव्ययवत्; अर्थः ‘सर्वेण आत्मना’ = पूर्णतया (entirely)
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सत्यम्true
सत्यम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)
प्राणिनाम्of living beings
प्राणिनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (generic), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (genitive), बहुवचन
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
अत्रhere/in this matter
अत्र:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अविमुक्तेin Avimukta
अविमुक्ते:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअविमुक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (place-name), सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
वसेत्should dwell
वसेत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम
तुindeed/but
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/विशेष (but/indeed)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
तुindeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
साक्षात्directly/in person
साक्षात्:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षात् (अव्यय)
Formरीत्यर्थ/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: directly, in person)
महेश्वरःMaheshvara (Shiva)
महेश्वरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमहेश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारय (महान् ईश्वरः)

Suta (narrating the Avimukta Mahatmya within the Narada Purana tradition)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

M
Maheshvara
A
Avimukta

FAQs

It elevates Avimukta (Kāśī) as a uniquely liberating tirtha: while wholehearted tapas is affirmed as powerful for all beings, residence in Avimukta is portrayed as direct proximity to Maheshvara—equal to encountering Śiva manifestly.

By identifying the Avimukta-dweller with Maheshvara, the verse emphasizes place-centered devotion (kshetra-bhakti): living with reverence in Śiva’s sacred domain becomes a devotional act that brings the devotee into immediate relationship with the deity.

No specific Vedanga (Śikṣā, Vyākaraṇa, Chandas, Nirukta, Jyotiṣa, Kalpa) is taught directly; the practical takeaway aligns with Kalpa-style dharma: the discipline of tapas and the observance of tirtha-residence (kshetra-vāsa) as a recognized religious practice.