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Shloka 59

Dharmāṅgada’s Discourse (Dharmāṅgadopadeśa) in the Mohinī Episode

आत्मा रक्ष्यो धनैर्दारैरथवापि निजात्मजैः । अपत्यं धर्मकामार्थं श्रेयस्कामस्य भूपतेः ॥ ५९ ॥

ātmā rakṣyo dhanairdārairathavāpi nijātmajaiḥ | apatyaṃ dharmakāmārthaṃ śreyaskāmasya bhūpateḥ || 59 ||

হে ভূপতে, নিজের আত্মাকে রক্ষা করা উচিত—ধন দ্বারা, স্ত্রী দ্বারা, অথবা নিজের পুত্রদের দ্বারাও। সন্তান কাম্য হয় ধর্ম-কাম-অর্থের জন্য; কিন্তু যে শ্রেয় চায়, তার প্রধান কর্তব্য আত্মরক্ষা।

ātmāself / life
ātmā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
rakṣyaḥto be protected
rakṣyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootrakṣya (रक्ष् धातु, कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण; ‘रक्षणीय/रक्ष्य’ (gerundive)
dhanaiḥby wealth
dhanaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
dāraiḥby wife/wives
dāraiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdāra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः बहुवचनान्त), तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
athavāor
athavā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootathavā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle: or)
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपि-कारक (particle: also/even)
nija-ātmajaiḥby one’s own sons
nija-ātmajaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootnija (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय-समासः ‘निजाः आत्मजाः’
apatyamoffspring
apatyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootapatya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; अत्र विषय/उद्देश्यरूपेण
dharma-kāma-arthamfor dharma, desire, and wealth
dharma-kāma-artham:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + kāma (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (धर्मश्च कामश्च अर्थश्च)
śreyas-kāmasyaof one who desires the highest good
śreyas-kāmasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeAdjective
Rootśreyas (प्रातिपदिक) + kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘श्रेयसः कामः यस्य’ (or ‘श्रेयः कामयते’)
bhūpateḥof the king
bhūpateḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūpati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

Narada

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

It teaches that while wealth, spouse, and children can serve as supports, the highest priority—especially for one seeking śreyas (ultimate welfare/liberation)—is guarding and disciplining the self (ātmā) through right conduct and discernment.

By shifting reliance away from purely worldly securities toward the inner self aimed at śreyas, it aligns with bhakti’s core move: taking refuge in the highest truth (ultimately Bhagavān) rather than treating family or possessions as final shelter.

No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa, Jyotiṣa, or Kalpa) is directly taught; the verse is primarily nīti/dharma instruction—prioritizing śreyas-oriented self-governance over dependence on external supports.