Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 75

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

एकादश तथैवाऽन्यदपत्यं तस्य वै दिने ।

अन्यद्दिनाभिगमने श्राद्धदाने तथाऽपरे ॥

Transliteration

ekādaśa tathaivānyad apatyam tasya vai dine | anyad dinābhigamane śrāddha-dāne tathāpare ||

Translation

একাদশ দিনে তদ্রূপ এক বিশেষ প্রকার সন্তানের কথা বলা হয়েছে। অন্য দিনে মিলনের বিষয়ে, এবং অন্য দিনগুলিতে শ্রাদ্ধ ও দানের প্রসঙ্গে (বিশেষ ফল বা অশুভতা) নির্দেশ করা হয়েছে।

Word by Word

• एकादश: eleven
• एकादश: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकादश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvigu numeral compound (एक + दश); numeral ‘eleven’ (indeclinable-like here) qualifying implied ‘ahāni’

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb)

• एव: indeed
• एव: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis)

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन) (elliptic: ‘another [thing/number]’)

• अपत्यम्: offspring / child
• अपत्यम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

• तस्य: of that / of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular (एकवचन)

• वै: indeed
• वै: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphatic particle)

• दिने: on the day
• दिने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन) (elliptic: ‘another [is]’)

• दिनाभिगमने: at the coming of the day / on a day’s arrival
• दिनाभिगमने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन-अभिगमन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: दिनस्य अभिगमनम्; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• श्राद्धदाने: in the giving of śrāddha (funeral offering)
• श्राद्धदाने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध-दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: श्राद्धस्य दानम्; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी) Singular (एकवचन)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: N/A (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb)

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन) (elliptic: ‘others [say/are]’)

Speakers

• Not explicit in excerpt; continuing didactic enumeration

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Timing (kāla)
• Śrāddha
• Dāna

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text links human actions to time-ethics: certain acts (union, śrāddha, dāna) are to be performed with sensitivity to prescribed times, emphasizing responsibility and ritual intentionality.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra material; not part of sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Time’ functions as a moral-cosmic regulator: aligning acts with auspicious windows symbolizes harmonizing personal desire and duty with a larger order.