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Shloka 21

Vyavahāra-Śuddhi and Rājadharma: Clean Administration, Counsel, and Proportional Punishment

Chapter 86

विनयेच्चापि दुर्वृत्तान्‌ प्रहारैरपि पार्थिव: । सान्त्वेनोपप्रदानेन शिष्टांश्ष परिपालयेत्‌

vinayec cāpi durvṛttān prahārair api pārthivaḥ | sāntvenopapradānena śiṣṭāṁś ca paripālayet ||

অত্যন্ত দুর্বৃত্তদের রাজা প্রয়োজনে প্রহার-দণ্ড দিয়েও শাসনে আনতে চেষ্টা করবে। আর শিষ্ট ও সদাচারীদের মধুর বাক্য, আশ্বাস এবং আরাম-উপকরণ দান করে পালন ও রক্ষা করবে।

विनयेत्should lead/bring to discipline
विनयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (वि+नी)
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दुर्वृत्तान्ill-conducted (people)
दुर्वृत्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्वृत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रहारैःby blows/punishments
प्रहारैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रहार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
पार्थिवःthe king
पार्थिवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सान्त्वेनby conciliation/soothing words
सान्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसान्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
उपप्रदानेनby bestowing gifts/benefits
उपप्रदानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउपप्रदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शिष्टान्the cultured/virtuous (people)
शिष्टान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
परिपालयेत्should protect/maintain
परिपालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (परि+पाल्)
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
pārthivaḥ (the king/ruler)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must apply differentiated means: restrain the wicked through discipline and punishment when needed, while nurturing the virtuous through respectful conciliation and material support—balancing firmness with benevolence as a principle of rājadharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on practical statecraft: how a king should deal with different kinds of subjects—correcting wrongdoers and sustaining the well-conducted.