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Shloka 19

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

धनु: कूजितविज्ञानं तत्रासीत्‌ प्रतियुद्धयत: । गात्रस्पर्शेन योधानां व्यज्ञास्त परिपन्थिनम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | dhanuḥ-kūjita-vijñānaṃ tatrāsīt pratiyuddhayataḥ | gātra-sparśena yodhānāṃ vyajñāsta paripanthinam jighāṃsantaṃ yudhāṃ śreṣṭha tadā āsīt tumulaṃ mahat ||

সঞ্জয় বললেন—হে রাজন, সেই যুদ্ধে যোদ্ধারা একে অন্যকে চিনত কেবল ধনুকের টংকারে; আর দেহস্পর্শে শত্রুকে শনাক্ত করত। শ্রেষ্ঠ যোদ্ধা ভীষ্মকে বধ করতে উদ্যত বীরেরা যখন ধেয়ে এল, তখন যুদ্ধ মহা তুমুল হয়ে উঠল।

धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कूजित-विज्ञानम्recognition by the twang/sound
कूजित-विज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकूजित + विज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रतियुद्धयतःof the one fighting back / of the opponent fighting
प्रतियुद्धयतः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतियुध्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
गात्र-स्पर्शेनby (mere) touch of the body/limbs
गात्र-स्पर्शेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगात्र + स्पर्श
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
योधानाम्of warriors
योधानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
व्यज्ञास्तthey recognized/knew
व्यज्ञास्त:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPerfect, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
परिपन्थिनम्the adversary/opponent
परिपन्थिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरिपन्थिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जिघांसन्तम्wishing to kill
जिघांसन्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (desiderative: जिघांस्)
FormPresent active participle (desiderative), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
युधाम्of battles/fights
युधाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (as noun: युध्/युधा)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठO best (one)
श्रेष्ठ:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तुमुलम्tumultuous, fierce
तुमुलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
B
bow (dhanuḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral and practical chaos of war: when violence escalates, clarity and discernment collapse, and even identifying friend or foe becomes difficult—underscoring the grave cost of battle despite heroic ideals.

Sañjaya describes a moment of intense fighting where dust and tumult obscure vision; warriors identify opponents by the sound of bowstrings or by touch, as the assault concentrates on Bhīṣma and the battle becomes fiercely uproarious.