Mantra 1

Sukta 94

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

आ यात्विन्द्रः स्वपतिर्मदाय यो धर्मणा तूतुजानस्तुविष्मान्। प्रत्वक्षाणो अति विश्वा सहांस्यपारेण महता वृष्ण्येन

IAST Transliteration

ā́ yātu índraḥ svápatiḥ mádāya yó dhármaṇā tūtujānás tuvíṣmān | pratvakṣāṇó áti víśvā sáhāṃsy apāréṇa mahatā́ vṛ́ṣṇyéna |

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Let Indra, self-lord, come hither for exhilaration—he who, by ordinance, impels himself, the vehement; waxing strong, he overpasses all resistances with boundless, great, and manly might.

Translation

স্বস্বামী ইন্দ্র এখানে আনন্দ-উল্লাস (মদ) লাভের জন্য আসুন—তিনি তুবিষ্মান্ (প্রচণ্ড), যিনি ধর্ম (ঋত/নিয়ম) অনুসারে নিজেকে নিজে প্রেরণা দেন। তিনি শক্তিতে বৃদ্ধি পেয়ে, অপরিসীম মহান পুরুষোচিত বৃষ্ণ্য (বীর্য) দ্বারা, সকল প্রতিরোধ অতিক্রম করেন।

Word by Word

• आ: hither; towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) / ā (avyaya)

• यातु: let (him) come
• यातु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (गत्यर्थक धातु)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वपतिः: lord of one’s own; master
• स्वपतिः: Kartā (apposition to इन्द्रः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वपति (प्रातिपदिक)

• मदाय: for exhilaration; for intoxication/rapture
• मदाय: Sampradāna (purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (relative; refers to इन्द्रः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धर्मणा: by law/ordinance; by established order
• धर्मणा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• तूतुजानः: impelling; urging on; driving forward
• तूतुजानः: Kartā (descriptive of यः/इन्द्रः)
• Type: Participle
• Root: तुद् (धातु) → तूतुजान (कृदन्त, परोक्ष/परफेक्ट-आधारित वर्तमानार्थक)

• तुविष्मान्: mighty; powerful
• तुविष्मान्: Kartā (adjectival to इन्द्रः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुविष्मन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रत्यक्षाणः: looking forth; facing (the foe); confronting
• प्रत्यक्षाणः: Kartā (descriptive of इन्द्रः)
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्रति-अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) → प्रत्यक्ष (कृदन्त/विशेषण) + -आन (present participle)

• अति: beyond; over
• अति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति (avyaya/preverb)

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहांसि: forces; mights; resistances
• सहांसि: Karma (with अति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपारेण: with boundless; with limitless
• अपारेण: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपार (प्रातिपदिक)

• महता: with great
• महता: Karaṇa (coordinated with अपारेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष्ण्येन: with manly vigor; with heroic strength
• वृष्ण्येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्ण्य (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Ṛgvedic provenance (Indra hymn material preserved in AV 20)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Summons → lawful self-impelled power → steady overcoming.","listener_experience":"Uplift without frenzy; sense of inner command and capacity.","intensity":6}