Rig Veda 5.12.3 — Mandala 5, Sukta 12, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.12

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (RV 5.12)

Devata: Agni (as R̥ta-moving; also as ṛtu-pā, keeper of right times)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कया नो अग्न ऋतयन्नृतेन भुवो नवेदा उचथस्य नव्यः । वेदा मे देव ऋतुपा ऋतूनां नाहं पतिं सनितुरस्य रायः ॥

Transliteration

káyā no agne ṛtáyan ṛténa bhúvo návedā ucáthasya návyaḥ | véda me devá ṛtu-pā́ ṛtūnā́ṃ nā́haṃ pátiṃ sanitúr asyá rāyáḥ ||

Translation

কোন পথেদি, হে অগ্নি, ঋতেৰে ঋতত চলি, তই আমাৰ বাবে স্তোত্ৰৰ সদা-নৱ জ্ঞানী হ’বি? ঋতুপ—ঋতুৰ ৰক্ষক—দেৱে মোৰ বাবে ঋতুসকল জানে; এই সিদ্ধি-সমৃদ্ধিৰ ধনৰ অধিপতিক মই এতিয়াও লাভ কৰা নাই।

Word by Word

• कया: by which? (by what means?)
• कया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun/Interrogative adjective
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) + या (स्त्री)

• नः: of us / for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: अग्नि

• ऋतयन्: upholding/ordering according to ṛta
• ऋतयन्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) + य (यत्) → ऋतयन्

• ऋतेन: with ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतेन: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत

• भुवः: be (become)!
• भुवः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू

• नवेदाः: new-knowing / newly wise
• नवेदाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: नव + इद (इद्/विद् ‘to know’ in Vedic compound) → नवेदाः

• उचथस्य: of the hymn/chant
• उचथस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: उचथ

• नव्यः: new, fresh
• नव्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव्य

• वेदाः: knows
• वेदाः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्

• मे: of me / for me
• मे: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• देवः: the god
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव

• ऋतुपाः: guardian of seasons/rites
• ऋतुपाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Agent
• Root: ऋतु + पा (पा ‘to protect’) → ऋतुपा

• ऋतूनाम्: of the seasons/ritual times
• ऋतूनाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Particle
• Root: न

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• पतिम्: lord, master
• पतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति

• सनितुः: of the winner/gainer
• सनितुः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: सनि (√सन्/सन् ‘to gain, win’) → सनितृ

• अस्य: of this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्

• रायः: of wealth, riches
• रायः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्/राय (रे/रि) ‘wealth’