Valmiki Ramayana 6.112.2 — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 112, Shloka 2

रावणवधोत्तरं विभीषणशोकः—क्षत्रधर्मोपदेशः

Vibhishana’s Lament after Ravana’s Fall; Instruction on Kshatriya-Dharma

Devanagari script

वीर विक्रान्त विख्यात प्रवीण नयकोविद ।महार्हाशयनोपेतकिंशेषेनिहतोभुवि ।।।।

Transliteration

vīra vikrānta vikhyāta pravīṇa nayakovida |

mahārhāśayanopeta kiṃ śeṣe nihato bhuvi ||

Translation

হে বীৰ, পৰাক্ৰমী, বিখ্যাত, নিপুণ, নীতিত প্ৰবীণ! মহামূল্য শয্যাত শয়ন কৰা অভ্যাস থকা তুমি আজি ভূমিত নিহত হৈ কিয় শুই আছা?

Word by Word

• vīraḥ: hero, valiant one
• vīraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• vikrāntaḥ: mighty, having advanced
• vikrāntaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√kram (धातु) > vikrānta (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), विशेषण (adjective)

• vikhyātaḥ: renowned
• vikhyātaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√khyā (धातु) > vikhyāta (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; विशेषण

• pravīṇaḥ: skilled, proficient
• pravīṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pravīṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• nayakovidaḥ: skilled in polity/strategy
• nayakovidaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: naya + kovida (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव: ‘नये कोविदः’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• mahārha-śayana-upetaḥ: accustomed to a costly bed
• mahārha-śayana-upetaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa of vīraḥ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahārha + śayana + upeta (प्रातिपदिक; upeta = upa-√i (धातु) > क्त)
• Form: समास: महārha-śayana (कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष) + upeta (क्तान्त) = ‘महārhaśayanena upetaḥ’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• kim: why?/what?
• kim: Prashna (प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: अव्यय (interrogative particle)

• śeṣe: in the remainder; (as) lying
• śeṣe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन; ‘शेषे’ = ‘शयने/अवशेषे’ (in the remainder/lying-place)

• nihataḥ: killed, slain
• nihataḥ: Karta (कर्ता) with implied ‘as/being’ (भाव)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ni-√han (धातु) > nihata (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• bhuvi: on the ground/earth
• bhuvi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

Context

"O valiant, powerful and renowned king! You who were skilled in all fields and in polity, accustomed to a sumptuous bed, why are you lying on ground?"

Characters & Entities

• Vibhīṣaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights impermanence: worldly status and comfort cannot prevent death; dharma asks one to recognize life’s fragility even amid power.

What is the narrative situation?

Vibhīṣaṇa addresses the dead warrior directly, expressing shock that such greatness ends on the ground.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Humaneness and loyalty—grief that acknowledges the fallen person’s qualities despite wartime enmity.